Parkinson's Disease
One of the most effective PD medications
Sinemet (Levodopa/Carbidopa)
What the body does to a drug once it enters the system
Pharmacokinetics
Dopamine receptors are typically blocked for treatment for anxiety. True or False?
False
Name one of the types of generalized seizure.
Tonic-Clonic, grand mal
Tonic
Clonic
Absence, petite mal
Atonic
Myoclonic
Spasticity is side effect of neurological conditions like stroke, GBS, MS, and SCI. True or False?
False- only UMN
2 ways pharmacology addresses PD pathology
Increase dopamine
Decrease Acetylcholine
A wide therapeutic index is generally safer than a narrow therapeutic index. True or False?
True
Side effects for Anticholinergics include bradycardia. True or False?
False, Tachycardia
In all seizures there is either an (blank) excitation of neurons or a (blank) inhibition of neurons
Increased, reduced
Spasticity is a (blank) dependent increased resistance to (blank) (blank).
Velocity, passive stretch
Your patient is on Sinemet, what are the main side effect(s) to monitor for(name 3 for full points)
GI: nausea/vomiting
CV: arrhythmias, postural hypotension
Behavioral: anxiety, depression, confusion, hallucinations
Dyskinesias: tics, tremors, choreoathetoid movements
Your patient has Alzheimer's Disease and is on donepezil (Aricept), a Cholinesterase Inhibitors. Name 3 potential side effects.
Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Weight Loss, Muscle Weakness, Generalized pain, Fatigue, Insomnia
Your patient is on lorazepam (Ativan) for anxiety. Name 2 potential side effects and/or concerns
Side effects: Sedation, Dizziness, Ataxia, Difficulty with speed and accuracy
Concerns: Tolerance, dependence, withdrawal, falls, adverse drug events
2 main mechanisms of anti-seizure medication include
Augmenting inhibitory GABA or blocking sodium/calcium channels
Your patient is a 40-year-old male with an acute TBI, he has 2/5 on MAS for R gastroc-soleus. When would you recommend intrathecal baclofen?
1 year after
Please describe the mechanism of Monoamine Oxidase Type B (MAOB)
Inhibit the enzyme that breaks down dopamine, allowing for more dopamine in the brain
Exercise impacts the absorption of a drug from
Increased tissue heat can increase diffusion across the membranes into the bloodstream (Ex. insulin just injected, can result in hypoglycemia from rapid transfer of insulin into bloodstream)
Your patient is an elderly female on typical antipsychotic medication. She is experiencing involuntary repetitive movement of the face. What is she likely experiencing?
Tardive dyskinesia- an extrapyramidal side effect
Please describe the mechanism of phenytoin (Dilantin)
Blocks sodium current
What is a potential caution/side effect impacting our treatment, for a patient using taking diazepam (Valium) for spasticity?
Increased muscle response time, especially if the patient has impaired balance
Your patient is a 50-year-old male early in the disease progression. He reports he is pretty bummed because he keeps losing out on every bet he places. What class of medications is he likely on and name a generic or a brand name of one from this class
Dopamine Agonists
Dopamine Agonists
bromocriptine (Parlodel)
praxmipexole (Mirapex)
ropinirole (Requip)
Your patient is a 70-year-old female with moderate Alzheimer's disease, her Neurologist recently referred her for physical therapy and started her on a new medication hoping to delay physical deficits. Name the generic or the brand name of the medication.
memantine (Namenda)
Your patient is a 40-year-old male with a history of depression who arrives to clinic for a PT session. He is presenting with symptoms of headache and hypertension which began after eating a charcuterie board. Please name the class of medication as well as the brand or generic of which medication could be causing these symptoms.
MAOIs- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
isocarboxazid (Marplan)
phenelzine (Nardil)
tranylcypromine (Parnate)
Your patient has hx of TBI. Your patient at times seems to zone out and experience a blank stare. Name the generic and the brand of the medication that would likely be prescribed.
valproate (Depakene)
Your patient is a 35-year-old male with CVA who presents to PT 3 days after receiving Botulinum Toxin Type A (BTX A). What would you work on with them?
PT modalities over the injection site are contraindicated