Adverse Effects
Patient is receiving epoetin alfa, What adverse effect should be monitored?
Hypertension and Blood clots
4 Classes of Anticoagulants
Platelet Inhibitors
Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
Indirect Thrombin Inhibitors
Vitamin K antagonist
Used for people at risk for clots and to prevent any other abnormal heart rhythms.
What else is this medication used for?
Prevent clots in arteries and veins, used to prevent and treat DVT or PE or to prevent clotting from Afib.
Binds with antithrombin and inhibiting factor Xa, which disrupts part of the clotting cascade.
Patient gets admitted with the following symptoms: Coffee-grounds emesis, tinnitus, and nausea.
The nurse identifies these as what?
Adverse Effects of taking daily aspirin therapy
What do platelets inhibitors (antiplatelet drugs) do?
Prevent platelets from sticking and clumping (aggregating) to form a platelet plug.
DOES NOT DISSOLVE A CLOT!!!
Nursing assessment of a person on this medication. What should be assessed?
ASK PATIENT-Any: unusual bruising, blood in urine, stool, or vomit, Coughing up blood, Headaches/dizziness/weakness, Recurring nosebleeds, and Bleeding from the gums
Used prophylactically before and after surgery, in patients with dysrhythmias, hemodialysis, orthopedic surgery, DVTs, and PEs. What else is this medication used for?
Prevent new clot formation, or stop existing clots from growing in size.
Excessive bleeding and thrombocytopenia are adverse reactions to what class of anticoagulant?
Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
When are antiplatelet drugs used?
They are used in situations where blood vessels become blocked.
To keep veins and arterial grafts open and to prevent strokes
Do Not Dissolve Clots!!
What are the contraindications of fibrinolytic drugs?
1. a known bleeding disorder
2. pregnancy or recent delivery (w/in 24 hours)
3. Hx of stroke in last 2 months
4. hypertension with BP above 200/120
5. head trauma
6. aortic distension
What are the adverse effects of Indirect Thrombin Inhibitor?
Hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, SOB, wheezing, chills, fever, alopecia, and allergic reactions
What is the most common antiplatelet drug (platelet inhibitor)?
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or
ASPIRIN
Idarucizumb. What is this?
Reversal agent to Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
What are the common indicators of overdose?
1. hematuria
2. hematemesis
3. abdominal pain
4. swelling
5. tachycardia
6. hypotension
7. elevated respirations
Excessive bleeding or hemorrhage: skin necrosis within the 1st 10 days of therapy and birth defects in pregnant women
Vitamin K antagonist
Clopidogrel (Plavix) is used for patients who have had an.......And how long should it be taken?
MI caused by a clot formed in the coronary artery.
Must be taken for a least a year or longer.
Evaluation of this kind of medication
Watch for signs of overdose and internal bleeding
What are erythropoiesis-stimulating agents used for?
pts with a condition that causes anemia and need a higher production of red blood cells