GI #1
Drug that has both antiemetic and prokinetic actions.
metoclopramide
Antiemetic drug that blocks neurokinin receptors in the emetic center of the brain and the CRTZ
maropitant citrate
The process of repeated, periodic contractions that churns/mixes material in the GIT is known as
Segmentation
What is the most commonly used osmotic laxative in veterinary medicine?
Lactulose
What do you call a group of parrots? Yes, a flock is one of them, what is the other?
A flock or a pandemonium
An antiemetic drug that is used for chemotherapy-related vomiting
ondansetron
The best emetic for dogs. Can be given subconjunctival
apomorphine
Vomiting and diarrhea are __________ GI diseases.
symptoms of underlying dz process
In addition to its antidiarrheal properties, metronidazole is also very effective in the treatment of which 2 parasite species?
Giardia and trichomonas spp
What mechanisms/ anatomic structures does the stomach have to normally protect against ulcer formation?
Mucus layer lining the entire inside of the stomach to protect from acid erosion Gastroesophageal and gastroduodenal sphincter muscles protect against acid reflux
Best emetic for cats.
xylazine
A phenothiazine derivative that inhibits the CRTZ to control vomiting
chlorpromazine
oral
How quickly do most centrally-acting emetic drugs take effect?
5-15 minutes
What systemic effects occur due to vomiting and/or diarrhea?
Fluid loss – dehydration, electrolyte imbalances (both) Decreased uptake of nutrients – weight loss (diarrhea) Acid-base changes (vomiting)
A prokinetic drug that acts on the large intestine as well as the small intestine
cisapride
An emollient laxative frequently used in clinics for enemas
docusate sodium succinate (DSS)
The process of wave-like intestinal muscle contractions that move food through the gut is known as:
Peristalsis
What are two common antihistamines commonly used as an antiemetic (there are two)?
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Why should Pepto Bismol NOT be given to cats?
Subsalicylate becomes salicylic acid which is aspirin = hematopoietic disorders, death
Used when vomiting is contraindicated. Absorbs drugs/toxins in the upper GIT.
activated charcoal
The most commonly used antidiarrheal drug in veterinary medicine
metronidazole
List three major signs of GI ulceration (there are four possible answers)
melena, hematemesis, anorexia, abdominal pain
When is the use of metoclopramide contraindicated (there are three, name two).
When there is GI obstruction, perforation, or hemorrhage.
What are 3 clinical signs associated with gastrointestinal disorders?
Diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, abdominal cramping, ulcer formation, and bloat