Diuretics
This drug is filtered into renal tubules, not absorbed, resulting in an increase in tubular fluid osmolarity, resulting in water remaining in the tubule for excretion. Acts at the PCT & TDL.
Mannitol
What two classes of drugs inhibit thymidylate synthase (TS)
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) & Capecitabine (Xeloda)
These drug that binds to prostaglandin receptors on uterus and cervix, increasing Ca increasing the contraction and stimulating the collagenase of cervix causing stretching.
Dinoprostone, Misoprostone
What is the adverse effects of the class of drugs that competitively inhibits HMG-Co Reductase?
myalgias w/ normal CK levels
(class = Statins)
What is the MOA of Anastrozole or Letrozole?
Inhibits aromatase enzyme, preventing conversion of endogenous steroids to estradiol
This class inhibits Na-Cl co-transporters in DCT, resulting in increased excretion of Na, Cl, K & H2O
Thiazide Diuretics
What are the warnings to the class of medication that inhibits DNA synthesis by displacing nucleoside formation?
hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) & hepatic toxicity
(class = Gemcitabine)
This class of meds competes with Ca at the NMJ, decreasing free Ca slowing contraction and causing muscle relaxation.
Magnesium Sulfates
What are the receptors targeted in Fenofibrates?
PPAR-alpha
What are adverse effects of the monoclonal Ab that blocks HER2?
fluid retention, resulting in CHF, MI, and decrease LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction)
Where does aldosterone antagonists act to decrease the Na reabsorption, and decrease K and H excretion?
basolateral mineralocorticoid receptor in the collecting duct.
What are the adverse effects of Relugolix? (3)
Hyperglycemia, increase in AST/ALT, and an increase in triglycerides.
(Class = GnRH Antagonists)
What is the BBW of the drug that activates beta-2 receptors activating AC, increasing cAMP, decreasing free Ca, causing relaxation in myometrium?
Oral terbutaline should not be used for tocolytics, not to be used for more than 48-72 hours or in outpatient setting.
What is the BBW of the class of drugs that target PPARs to increase transcription of genes to increase insulin sensitivity to increase glucose uptake and use?
CHF
(class = Thiazolindineiones)
What is the BBW of the drug of that inhibits Topoisomerase II creating ROS which causes cell damage?
Irreversible myocardial toxicity
What is the result of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
HCO3 is retained in tubules, HCO3 is inhibited from being secreted into aqueous humor of the eyes and CSF in the brain.
What is the BBW to the class that alkylates DNA and RNA leading to disruption of protein and cell synthesis?
myelosuppression
(class = Lomustine)
What class of drug targets alpha-adrenergic receptors on uterus SM to stimulate tone, rate and amplitude of contractions and vasoconstriction of spiral arteries?
Methylergonovine (Ergot alkaloid)
What is the MOA of Jardiance, Farxiga, and Invokana?
SGLT-2 channels in PCT is inhibited resulting in decrease blood glucose levels and increase urinary glucose excretion
What is the difference in use between Tamoxifen and Raloxifene?
Tamoxifen is to be used in Pre-menopausal women
Raloxifene is to be used in Post-menopausal women
What are all the adverse effects for the class of diuretic that inhibits NKCC2 in the TAL?
OHH DAANG
Ototoxicity, Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia, Dehydration, Alkalosis, Allergy to sulfa, Nephritis, Gout.
What medications have a drug-drug interaction with the Cyclophosphamide class? (3)
Protease inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, Paclitaxel
What is the MOA of Tranexamic Acid (TXA)
Synthetic analog of Lysin, binds and blocks lysin in plasminogen, preventing conversion of plasminogen to plasma to stabilize clotting and decrease bleeding.
What is the MOA of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors?
inhibits DPP-4 enzymes which will increase incretin effects, lowering glucagon levels and increasing glucose-dependent insulin secretion.
What does Fulvestrant (Faslodex), an Invasive Ductal Carcinoma drug do?
Downregulates estrogen receptors, very potent