PHARM WHAT
What is the one beverage that most patient’s on medications should avoid?
Grapefruit Juice
A patient was recently prescribed an ACE inhibitor, what new symptom development would be a concern to the nurse?
Dry nonproductive cough
Chemical messengers that travel in your bloodstream that regulate everything in your body.
What are hormones?
A nurse is teaching an adult client about diphenhydramine. The nurse should inform the client to expect which of the following adverse effects while taking this drug?
?
The most common adverse effect of diphenhydramine, a first-generation antihistamine, is drowsiness
What are the inner workings of the kidney called?
Nephron
What are the processes of pharmacokinetics? (ADME)
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Elimination
How does an electrolyte imbalance affect the heart and its function?
Electrolyte imbalances can lead to cardiovascular emergencies.
If a patient takes testosterone for testicular failure, what should the patient be monitored for and report if it occurs?
Weight Gain
For which of the following reasons should a nurse instruct a client to avoid taking guaifenesin with combination over-the-counter cold products?
Many combination over-the-counter cold products contain guaifenesin. A client taking both might be taking excessive amounts of the drug. Combination products also contain multiple drugs to treat different manifestation, some of which the client might not have. All drugs have potential adverse effects, so the client should use only those drugs required to treat existing symptoms and only in the recommended amounts.
Which laboratory test result is a common adverse effect of furosemide?
Hypokalemia (LOW POTASSIUM)
What dietary education would you provide a Pt that is being placed on warfarin/Coumadin?
Why is it essential to understand electrolytes and how they respond to each other when discussing cardiac function/medications and renal function/medications?
Electrolytes are substances that help trigger and sustain the heart’s electrical impulses. Electrolytes are essential for basic life functioning. The kidneys help maintain electrolyte concentrations by regulating their concentrations in the body; any disturbance in this process often leads to an electrolyte imbalance.
When using oxytocin for labor induction, what should be monitored closely?
Urine output, Blood pressure, duration of contractions, and fetal heart rate
The nurse is providing discharge teaching to a patient receiving a mixed alpha/beta-agonist bronchodilator. What side effect would the nurse emphasize the patient needs to report?
Tachycardia (fast heart rate)
Diuretics can affect four areas of the nephron; what are these four areas?
Proximal tubule, loop of henle (ascending limb), early distal tubule, late distal tubule/collecting duct.
What medication routes of administration bypass the first pass hepatic effects?
Sublingual, transdermal, rectal, IV, IM and inhalation
To assess for a potentially serious adverse effect to HMG–CoA reductase inhibitors, the nurse should monitor which laboratory results?
Liver Function Panel
What instruction would you give a client taking hydrocortisone to help them reduce the risk of adverse effects?
Increase calcium and vitamin D intake, Take the drug with food, Record weight regularly, and report increased stress.
A client with acute asthma showing inspiratory and expiratory wheezes and a decreased expiratory volume should be treated with which of the following classes of medication right away?
Bronchodilators
Name the four different types of diuretics, listed from strongest to weakest. How do each effect the electrolytes in our bodies?
Osmotic diuretic (wastes potassium ↓K+), Loop diuretics (wastes potassium ↓K+), thiazide diuretics (wastes potassium ↓K+), and potassium sparing diuretics (spares potassium ↑K+).
What are the areas of elimination of drugs?
Kidneys, Liver, Bowel, Lungs, breast milk, sweat
What action does a beta blocker have that reduces the blood pressure?
Decreases heart rate and peripheral vasodilation
What is essential for a patient to understand when taking the medication alendronate?
This medication will be taken once a week, and the patient needs to take it with 8 ounces of water before they eat in the morning and remain upright for 30 minutes after taking it. This medication is erosive to the esophagus, so taking it on an empty stomach it facilitates rapid absorption of the medication, and staying upright for 30 minutes prevents reflux of the medication into the esophagus.
The nurse is about to administer Albuterol 2 puff and Budesonide 2 puff by metered dose inhaler. How does the nurse plan to administer these medications?
Administer the bronchodilator first (albuterol) and the corticosteroid second (budesonide) This allows for the widening of the air passages by the bronchodilator, making the corticosteroids more effective.
When giving furosemide by IV what could happen if you push it too fast through the IV?
Ototoxicity (Ringing in the ears)