Insulin: Administration Techniques
When preparing insulin from a vial that contains both short-acting and long-acting insulin, this should be done first.
What is drawing up the short-acting insulin (clear) first?
$1000: This rare but life-threatening complication of insulin therapy involves excessive fluid accumulation in the body, leading to symptoms like swelling, difficulty breathing, and weight gain.
What is insulin-induced edema?
This disorder, often characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking, is commonly treated with both FGAs and SGAs.
What is schizophrenia?
$1000: When taking antipsychotics, patients should be instructed to avoid this common over-the-counter supplement, as it can interfere with the effectiveness of the medication.
What is St. John’s Wort?
$100: This type of EPS, characterized by muscle stiffness, tremors, and a shuffling gait, is more common with first-generation antipsychotics.
What is parkinsonism?
To minimize the risk of lipohypertrophy (fat buildup), patients should rotate insulin injection sites and avoid injecting into the same area more than once within this period.
What is every 1-2 weeks?
$700: Insulin therapy can potentially cause this electrolyte imbalance, which can result in symptoms like weakness, fatigue, and muscle cramps.
What is hypokalemia?
SGAs, such as olanzapine, can also be used to manage the mood swings of this condition, characterized by severe mood changes between depression and mania.
What is bipolar disorder (bipolar I disorder)?
$800: Patients should be educated on the importance of monitoring this organ function regularly when on antipsychotics, especially those with higher risk for metabolic complications.
What is liver function?
$200: This type of EPS involves the inability to sit still, resulting in restlessness and fidgeting, and is often seen in patients on first-generation antipsychotics.
What is akathisia?
This type of insulin is typically given immediately before meals to manage postprandial blood sugar spikes.
What is rapid-acting insulin?
$800: In patients using long-term insulin therapy, this condition may develop due to prolonged exposure to high blood glucose levels, leading to nerve damage.
What is diabetic neuropathy?
While both FGAs and SGAs can be used for schizophrenia, SGAs are preferred for long-term treatment due to their reduced risk of these movement-related side effects.
What are extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)?
$300: It is essential to inform patients taking antipsychotics about the potential risk of developing this condition, which can cause high fever, muscle rigidity, and autonomic dysfunction, requiring immediate medical attention.
What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)?
$400: This first-generation antipsychotic side effect, which can cause painful muscle spasms and twisting, often requires immediate intervention with anticholinergic medication.
What is acute dystonia?
$800: This type of insulin is long-acting and typically injected once daily to provide a basal level of insulin throughout the day.
What is insulin glargine (Lantus) or insulin detemir (Levemir)?
$800: Rapid changes in insulin dosage or blood sugar levels can trigger this condition, which includes symptoms like rapid breathing, fruity-smelling breath, and confusion.
What is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
This first-generation antipsychotic, often used in acute psychiatric settings, is effective for controlling agitation and delirium.
What is haloperidol?
$500: This common side effect of FGAs, especially at higher doses, can cause stiffness, tremors, and restlessness, and may be alleviated by adjusting medication or using antiparkinsonian drugs.
What is extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)?
$100: Extrapyramidal symptoms are more commonly seen with first-generation antipsychotics (FGA). This class of drugs works by blocking this neurotransmitter, which is primarily involved in movement control.
What is dopamine?
$1000: For patients using insulin pumps, the catheter and tubing should be changed every 2-3 days to prevent this infection, which can occur at the site of insertion.
What is site infection or cellulitis?
$1000: This condition can develop in patients receiving insulin therapy due to rapid weight gain and the inability of the body to handle glucose properly, leading to the development of heart disease.
What is hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS)?
In addition to schizophrenia, clozapine is the only antipsychotic approved for treatment of this life-threatening condition, associated with symptoms like severe agitation, hostility and self-harm.
What is suicidal behavior or thoughts?
$600: Patients prescribed haloperidol, a first-generation antipsychotic, should be educated about the increased risk of this movement disorder, which is characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements of the face or limbs.
What is tardive dyskinesia?
$500: EPS is more commonly associated with FGAs, but this atypical antipsychotic has a higher risk of causing EPS compared to other SGAs, especially in higher doses.
What is risperidone?