Doxazosin
What are the therapeutic uses of doxazosin?
Hypertension and more commonly benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
What are the manifestations of hypoglycemia that a nurse should monitor for during insulin drip administration?
Manifestations of hypoglycemia include dizziness, confusion, loss of consciousness, shakiness, headache, blurred vision, and fast or irregular heartbeat.
A nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed lisinopril for heart failure. The client asks the nurse how this medication helps the heart. Which of the following is the correct mechanism of action for lisinopril?
d. It relaxes vascular smooth muscle by blocking calcium channels, causing systemic vasodilation.
What neurotransmitter is used in the PSNS?
Acetylcholine
A nurse is teaching a patient newly prescribed doxazosin. What key points should the nurse include regarding the potential side effects and necessary precautions?
Doxazosin may cause orthostatic hypotension and dizziness, especially after the first dose. Advise the client to take the medication at bedtime, rise slowly from lying to standing, and report any dizziness or syncope to the provider. Additionally, the patient should regularly monitor blood pressure and heart rate, especially when starting or adjusting the dose of doxazosin. Avoid sudden discontinuation of the medication to prevent rebound hypertension and discuss any concerns about side effects with their provider.
What is the mechanism of action for insulin?
Insulin is necessary for glucose to move from the bloodstream into peripheral tissues because it facilitates the uptake of glucose by inserting glucose receptors onto cells, allowing it to be used for energy. It also promotes glycogen storage in the liver and supports protein, lipid, and DNA synthesis.
What laboratory values should the nurse monitor in a patient take an ACE inhibitor for hypertension?
Nurses should monitor BUN, creatinine, and potassium levels to assess kidney function and prevent complications like hyperkalemia.
Which of the following would NOT be an expected side effect of a cholinergic agent?
a. Increased salivation
b. Increased urine excretion
c. Tachycardia
d. Dilation of blood vessels
c. Tachycardia
What is the mechanism of action for alpha1 blockers like doxazosin?
Alpha1 blockers lower blood pressure by causing vasodilation in blood vessels and improve urinary flow by relaxing smooth muscle in the bladder neck and prostate.
The nurse is reviewing a patient's medication list. Which medication, if taken concurrently with regular insulin, should the nurse identify as a risk for masking symptoms of hypoglycemia?
a. Propranolol
b. Furosemide
c. Warfarin
d. Atorvastatin
a. Propranolol
Propranolol, a beta blocker, can mask the tachycardia and tremors that serve as early warning signs of hypoglycemia.
A client taking lisinopril for hypertension reports experiencing a persistent, dry, irritating cough. Which of the following is the nurse's best response?
d. "This indicates that you are developing early signs of heart failure and we will need to adjust your dose."
a. "This is a common side effect of the medication; however, notify your healthcare provider if it becomes intolerable."
Bethanechol, a cholinergic drug, is used to treat:
a. Slow heart rate
b. Urinary retention
c. Diarrhea
d. Asthma
b. Urinary retention
A male patient with a history of hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is prescribed doxazosin. What is the expected therapeutic outcome of this medication for this patient?
a. Decreased prostate size
b. Constriction of blood vessels
c. Increased heart rate
d. Increased force of urinary stream
d. Increased force of urinary stream
A patient is admitted with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). Which route of administration should the nurse anticipate for the initial regular insulin therapy?
a. Subcutaneous injection
b. Continuous subcutaneous injection
c. Intramuscular injection
d. Intravenous infusion
d. Intravenous infusion
Regular insulin is the only type of insulin that can be administered intravenously, making it the gold standard for treating DKA emergencies.
In which of the following patients are ACE inhibitors contraindicated?
a. Patient with congestive heart failure
b. Patient with hypertension
c. Patient who is pregnant
d. Patient with hypokalemia
c. Patient who is pregnant
Which of the following would be a side effect of an anticholinergic medication?
a. Bradycardia
b. Pupil constriction (miosis)
c. Constipation
d. Diarrhea
d. Constipation
A patient prescribed doxazosin calls the clinic to report experiencing dizziness and lightheadedness when getting out of bed in the morning. The nurse explains that this is a common adverse effect known as?
Orthostatic hypotension
When should regular (short-acting) insulin be administered in relation to meals?
Regular (short-acting) insulin should be administered 30 to 45 minutes before a meal. This timing aligns the insulin's onset with the digestion of food and postprandial glucose increases.
The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client taking lisinopril. Which of the following findings would the nurse identify as an adverse effect of this medication?
a. Potassium of 3.2 mEq/L
b. Potassium of 5.6 mEq/L
c. Sodium level of 150 mEq/L
d. BUN of 10 mg/dL
b. Potassium of 5.6 mEq/L
This potassium level is elevated (hyperkalemia). Because lisinopril decreases aldosterone levels, the kidneys excrete less potassium, which can lead to dangerously high potassium levels in the blood.
Which of the following best describes the primary mechanism of action of anticholinergic drugs?
a. They stimulate the release of acetylcholine
b. They mimic the effects of acetylcholine
c. They increase the breakdown of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction
d. They block the action of acetylcholine by binding to muscarinic receptors in the PSNS
d. They block the action of acetylcholine by binding to muscarinic receptors in the PSNS