Absorption
Degree to which drug is absorbed and reaches systemic circulation
Bioavailability
Initial distribution sites within the body
Highly perfused tissue
Brain and vital organs
Another word for drug metabolism
Biotransformation
Organs that remove drugs from the body
Kidney and Liver
Must be combined with drugs to exert their effect
Cellular receptors
Route of administration with the most barriers to reach systemic circulation
Oral or PO
Capillaries
Secondary components drugs are turned into by enzymes
Metabolites
Type of patient that withdrawal times are important for
Food animals
A drug that binds to the receptor perfectly to produce full effect
Agonist
Drugs that can diffuse across cellular membranes
Lipophilic
Affects the concentration reached by a drug in the blood stream.
Fluid Volume
Can occur during metabolism
Drug interactions
Competitive inhibition, Enzyme induction
Used to determine dosage intervals and withdrawal times
Half-life
A drug that can bind to a receptor but doesn't match up perfectly causing poor efficacy or minimal effect
Partial Agonist
Able to change the affect and polarity of a drug on the body
Disease
Type of drug that has more difficulty moving through capillaries
Protein-bound
In the liver to bind metabolites
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes
Glucuronic Acid, Sulfate, Glutathione
Most important route of drug elimination
Renal Excretion (Urination)
3 types of cellular effects observed after a drug binds to a receptor
Secretion, Contraction of muscles, Cell Death
Four things that can impact absorption.
Drug form, GI tract condition, Liver metabolism. Blood perfusion at injection site
Type of drug that can cross the blood-brain barrier
Lipophilic
Naturally produced in small quantities and is toxic to the liver and RBC
NAPQI
Can lead to toxicity
Poor renal blood flow
(Dehydration)
A drug that barely lines up with a receptor causes no action to take place as a result
Antagonist