Pharmacodynamics and medicinal effects
The nurse is administering medications to the patient who is in renal failure resulting from end-stage renal disease. The nurse is aware that patients with kidney failure would most likely have problems with which pharmacokinetic phase?
Excretion
In this FDA Category: Fetal abnormalities have been reported, and positive evidence of fetal risk in humans is available from animal and/or human studies. These drugs are not to be used in pregnant women
Category X
defines a drug’s half-life
The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be removed from the body
When given an intravenous medication, the patient says to the nurse, “I usually take pills. Why does this medication have to be given in the arm?” What is the nurse’s best answer?
“The action of the medication will begin sooner when given intravenously.”
The patient is to receive oral guaifenesin (Mucinex) twice a day. Today, the nurse was busy and gave the medication 2 hours after the scheduled dose was due. What type of problem does this represent?
Right Time
The patient wants to take the herb valerian to help him rest at night. The nurse would be concerned about potential interactions if he is taking a medication from which class of drugs?
Sedatives
Drug transfer to the fetus is more likely during the last trimester of pregnancy for which reason?
Enhanced blood flow to the fetus
When administering a new medication to a patient, the nurse reads that it is highly protein bound. Assuming that the patient’s albumin levels are normal, the nurse would expect which result
The duration of action will be longer as it is not secreted as fast as non protein binding
The nurse is administering parenteral drugs. Which statement is true regarding parenteral drugs?
Parental drugs by pass the first pass effect
During the development of a new drug, which would be included in the study by the researcher to prevent any bias or unrealistic expectations of the new drug’s usefulness?
Informed consent
During an assessment, the patient tells the nurse that he eats large amounts of garlic for its cardiovascular benefits. Which drug or drug class, if taken, would have a potential interaction with the garlic?
Antihyperglycemic drugs (agonist)
The nurse is assessing a newly admitted 83-year-old patient and determines that the patient is experiencing polypharmacy. Which statement most accurately illustrates polypharmacy?
The patient uses multiple medications simultaneously.
A patient who has advanced cancer is receiving opioid medications around the clock to keep him comfortable as he nears the end of his life. Which term best describes this type of therapy?
Palliative Therapy
The patient is experiencing chest pain and needs to take a sublingual form of nitroglycerin. Where does the nurse instruct the patient to place the tablet?
Under the tongue
For which cultural group must the health care provider respect the value placed on preserving harmony with nature and the belief that disease is a result of ill spirits?
Native Americans
A drug dose that delivers 250 mg has a half-life of 5 hours. Identify how much drug will remain in the body after one half-life.
125
The nurse recognizes that it is not uncommon for an elderly patient to experience a reduction in the stomach’s ability to produce hydrochloric acid. This change may result in which effect?
Altered Absorption of weakly acidic drugs
Which medications bypass first-time effect
Parental
The patient is complaining of a headache and asks the nurse which over-the-counter medication form would work the fastest to help reduce the pain. Which medication form will the nurse suggest?
A powder
The nurse is assessing an elderly Hispanic woman who is being treated for hypertension. During the assessment, what is important for the nurse to remember about cultural aspects?
The nurse’s assessment needs to include gathering information regarding religious practices and beliefs regarding medication, treatment, and healing.
The patient is receiving two different drugs. At current dosages and dosage forms, both drugs are absorbed into the circulation in identical amounts. Which term is used to identify this principle?
Bioequivalent
An elderly patient with a new diagnosis of hypertension will be receiving a new prescription for an antihypertensive drug. The nurse expects which type of dosing to occur with this drug therapy?
The patient will receive the lowest possible dose at first and then the dose will be increased as needed
The nurse is reviewing medication errors. Which situation is an example of a medication error?
A patient receives a double dose of a medication because the nurse did not cut the pill in half.
The nurse will be injecting a drug into the fatty tissue of the patient’s abdomen. Which route does this describe?
Subcutaneous
During a busy night shift, a new nurse administered an unfamiliar medication without checking it in a drug handbook. Later that day, the patient had a severe reaction because he has renal problems, which was a contraindication to that drug. The nurse may be liable for?
Negligence