Medication Errors
These drugs have similarities in spelling and/pronunciation.
Look alike-Sound alike
Which domain of learning includes teaching a parent to administer IM epinephrine injections to her child?
Psychomotor Domain
Written permission obtained from a patient consenting to a specific procedure.
Informed Consent
A method of grouping drugs; may be based on structure or therapeutic use.
Drug classification
Data are collected, reviewed, and analyzed from patient, family, group, and/or community sources.
Assessment
Defined as a situation that is not distinguishable from a preventable adverse event except for the outcome.
Near Miss
The domain involved in the learning and storage of basic knowledge. It is the thinking portion of the learning process and incorporates an individual’s previous experiences and perceptions; the learning/thinking domain.
Cognitive Domain
An inactive (inert) substance (e.g., saline, distilled water, starch, sugar) that is not a drug but is formulated to resemble a drug for research purposes.
Placebo
The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream.
First Pass effect
Patient complains of dizziness, headache, vomiting, and feeling hot for 10 days
Subjective Data
Insulin, Heparin, Chemotherapy, Neuromuscular blocking agents, Moderate sedation
High-Alert Medications
The domain involved in the learning of a new procedure or skill; often called the doing domain.
Psychomotor Domain
The ethical principle of doing or actively promoting good; related nursing actions include determining how the patient is best served.
Beneficence
In pharmacokinetics, the time it takes for the blood level of a drug to be reduced by 50%
Objective, measurable, and realistic, with an established time frame for their achievement. Reflect expected and measurable changes in behavior through nursing care that are developed in collaboration with the patient.
Outcomes
Requires patients to provide a list of all the medications they are currently taking (including herbal products and over-the-counter drugs).
Medication Reconciliation
A patient's family member overdosed on pain medication and is reluctant to take her prescribed OxyContin. Which domain of learning will need to be addressed?
Affective Domain
The standards describe the scope, function, and role of the nurse and establish clinical practice standards.
ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses
The lowest concentration of drug reached in the body after it falls from its peak level, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Trough Level
Age, height, weight, allergies, medication profile and health history.
Misunderstanding of a prescriber’s use of abbreviations, illegibility of prescriber handwriting, miscommunication during verbal or telephone orders, and confusing drug nomenclature, system weaknesses, lack of education or training. Taking shortcuts.
Common causes of medication errors.
The most intangible domain of the learning process. It involves affective behavior, which is conduct that expresses feelings, needs, beliefs, values, and opinions; the feeling domain.
Affective Domain
Postmarketing studies that are voluntarily conducted by pharmaceutical companies to obtain further proof of the therapeutic and adverse effects of the new drug. Data from these studies are gathered for at least 2 years after the drug’s release
Phase IV trials
A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route (from 0% to 100%).
Bioavailability
Once the assessment phase has been completed, the nurse analyzes objective and subjective data about the patient and the drug and formulates statement.
Human Needs Statements