What's That Class?
This classification of antibiotics inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and is known for photosensitivity and tooth discoloration.
What are tetracyclines?
Effexor (Venlafaxine)
"Do not stop Effexor suddenly. It should be tapered gradually under your provider's supervision.
This medication reduces stomach acid production by irreversibly blocking proton pumps in the stomach.
What is omeprazole (PPI)?
This ACE inhibitor commonly causes a persistent dry cough.
What is lisinopril?
A patient taking furosemide reports muscle cramps and weakness. The nurse notes a flattened T wave on the ECG. This electrolyte imbalance is most likely occurring.
What is hypokalemia?
This medication is classified as a corticosteroid. It suppresses inflammation and immune responses and is used for asthma exacerbations, autoimmune disorders, and allergic reactions.
What is prednisone?
This antibiotic classification includes azithromycin and clarithromycin and works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis at the 50S ribosome.
What are Macrolides?
Lantus (Insulin Glargine
"Lantus is a long-acting insulin that provides steady blood glucose control over 24 hours and should be taken as prescribed."
This medication increases urine output by preventing sodium and water reabsorption in the Loop of Henle.
What is Lasix (a loop diuretic)?
This opioid analgesic commonly causes constipation, respiratory depression, and sedation.
What is morphine
A patient taking warfarin has an INR of 6.2 and active bleeding. This medication may be prescribed as the antidote.
What is vitamin K (phytonadione)?
This medication is classified as a thyroid hormone replacement. It treats hypothyroidism by replacing the hormone normally produced by the thyroid gland and should be taken on an empty stomach.
What is levothyroxine?
A patient taking digoxin develops nausea, yellow-green halos around lights, and bradycardia. Identify the medication classification.
What are Cardiac Glycosides?
Lactulose
"The goal of lactulose therapy is typically 2-3 soft bowel movements per day to help remove ammonia from the body."
This antiplatelet medication prevents platelets from sticking together by blocking ADP receptors on platelet surfaces.
What is clopidogrel? ( antiplatelet aggregation)
This statin may cause muscle pain and, in severe cases, rhabdomyolysis.
What is atorvastatin?
A nurse prepares to administer regular insulin and NPH insulin together. This insulin should be drawn up first.
What is regular insulin?
This chemotherapy medication is classified as an alkylating agent. It works by damaging DNA in rapidly dividing cancer cells and is commonly used to treat lymphoma, leukemia, and breast cancer.
What is cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)?
A patient taking one of these medications develops a persistent cough and hyperkalemia. Their therapeutic effect comes from preventing the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
What are ACE Inhibitors?
Coumadin (Warfarin)
Use a soft toothbrush and electric razor and report any unusual bleeding or bruising."
This medication is works by blocking calcium entry into cardiac and smooth muscle cells, causing vasodilation.
What is amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker?
This cardiac glycoside may cause visual disturbances such as seeing yellow or green halos, along with nausea.
What is digoxin?
A patient receiving IV vancomycin develops flushing, itching, and redness of the upper body during the infusion.
What is Red Man Syndrome?
This medication is classified as an antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis and is commonly used to treat leukemia, lymphoma, breast cancer, and osteosarcoma. High doses may require leucovorin rescue.
What is methotrexate?
This cardiac medication class blocks aldosterone receptors, promotes potassium retention, reduces cardiac remodeling in heart failure, and includes spironolactone.
What are Potassium-Sparing Diuretics (Aldosterone Antagonists)?
Lorazepam (Ativan)
"Avoid alcohol while taking lorazepam because it can increase drowsiness and respiratory depression."
This medication enhances the effects of GABA in the central nervous system.
This antibiotic is known for causing nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, requiring careful monitoring of drug levels.
What is gentamicin?
A patient taking an SSRI and a newly prescribed migraine medication develops agitation, hyperreflexia, diaphoresis, and a fever of 103°F.
What is seratonin syndrome?
This term describes the study of how a drug moves through the body, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
What is pharmacokinetics?
Sacubitril/valsartan contains a drug from this antihypertensive classification that blocks angiotensin II receptors and is commonly substituted when ACE inhibitors are not tolerated
What are Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)?
Phenergan (Promethazine)
Promethazine may cause drowsiness, so avoid driving or operating machinery until you know how it affects you."
This medication increases serotonin levels in the brain by blocking its reuptake.
What is sertraline, a SSRI?
This nitrate medication commonly causes headaches, flushing, and dizziness due to vasodilation.
What is nitroglycerin?
A patient taking long-term corticosteroids presents with a moon face, buffalo hump, hyperglycemia, and weight gain. The nurse recognizes this syndrome.
What is Cushing's syndrome?
This term refers to the concentration of a medication in the bloodstream that produces the desired therapeutic effect without causing toxicity.
What is the therapeutic range (therapeutic level)?
This antibiotic classification includes azithromycin and clarithromycin. While often prescribed for respiratory infections, these medications can prolong the QT interval and increase the risk for dysrhythmias.
What are Macrolides?
Chemotherapy
"Wash your hands frequently, avoid people who are sick, and report any signs of infection promptly."
This medication lowers blood pressure and heart rate by blocking beta₁ receptors in the heart.
What is metoprolol, a beta-blocker
This opioid antagonist can trigger acute withdrawal symptoms such as agitation, nausea, vomiting, and hypertension if given to a patient dependent on opioids.
What is narcan?
This term refers to an unintended, undesirable, and often predictable response that occurs when a medication is administered at a normal dose.
What is an adverse effect (adverse reaction)?
A medication that blocks the action of another medication at a receptor site.
What is an antagonist?