pharyngeal m. and physio of articulation

pharyngeal muscles

100

pulls rear pharyngeal wall forward assist levator veli palatini inclosing velum and constricts upper pharynx for swallowing

superior pharyngeal constrictor

200

constrictor muscle that reduces the diameter of the oropharynx

middle pharyngeal constrictor

300

cricopharyngeal controls opening to esophagus AND thyropharyngeal constricts lower oropharynx and laryngopharynx

inferior pharyngeal constrictor

400

elevates the lateral pharyngeal wall

salpingopharyngeus

500

assists in elevating and opening the pharynx

stylopharyngeus

speech articulators

100

1. phonation

2. oral and nasal airflow

3. shape sounds

1. larynx

2. velum

3. mandible/jaw, lips, tongue position

200

source=?

filter=?

source=vocal folds(larynx)

filter=vocal tract(large=low freq)

300

rate, loudness, speech sounds produced in different ways, size of oral cavity

speech production

400

position of the articulators

somatosensory

hearing anatomy

100

hearing energy flow from eardrum TO ossicles TO cochlea TO auditory nerve

acoustic TO mechanical TO electrochemical

200

collector of sound that is processed in the middle ear and cochlea, prominence of the ear

pinna

300

s shaped, terminates at TM, amplifies high frequency sounds

external auditory meatus

400

oval shaped, 3 layers(outer continuous with EAM, mid=fibrous tissue, inner continuous with middle ear) and pars tensa is fibrous tissue

tympanic membrane

500

largest ossicle, attaches to TM along manubrium and head articulates with body of incus

Malleus

hearing anatomy

100

muscle innervated by facial nerve and when contracts it rotates and pulls stapes back to stiffen chain

stapedius muscle

200

muscle inervated by trigemnial nerve that pulls malleus forward

tensor tympani

300

bony structure of inner ear ythat contains perilymph and contains osseous vestibule, osseous semicircular canal, osseous cochlear labyrinth and membranous laabyrinth

osseous bony labyrinth

400

part of bony labyrinth that contains proprioceptive systems(semicircular canal) where posterior one involves saying "yes"

osseous vestibular space

500

part of bony labyrinth that contains a cochlear canal that resembles a coiled snail shell that wraps around 2 3/4 times before reaching apex AND contains modiolus(core) 

osseous cochlear labyrinth

hearing anatomy

100

spiral shelf that separates scala tympani and scala vestibuli and width is opposite to basilar membrane(thinner to wider) AND helicotrema as apex

osseous spiral lamina

200

openings of bony labyrinth

1. round window(communicates between scala tympani and middle ear) 

2. oval window(communicates between scala vestibuli and middle ear space)

3. cochlear aqueduct(connects upper duct and subarachnoid space

300

contains vestibular organ with ampullae, utricle and saccule(up/down)

membranous labyrinth

400

-tube placed between scala tympani and vestibuli

-contains endolymph

scala media 

500

part of basilar membrane that amplifies high frequency sounds and is thinner

the THIN BASE