Pump up the Jam
Cardiac Output formula
CO= SV x HR
Major nerve that innervates the diaphragm to help control breathing
Phrenic nerve
What is the normal pH range for a person
7.35-7.45
Wheezing, tachypnea, and/or stridor
part of the brain the influences emotions/mood
Limbic system
After leaving the right ventricle blood flows through what valve and into what vessel?
The pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary artery.
Respiration definition and the difference between internal and external
Exchange of gases between living organism and its environment.
External happens in the microcirculation of the alveoli
Internal happens systemically between blood cells and the tissues
What two systems help to initially balance and regulate changes in pH
Respiratory and Renal
Type of shock seen when blood flow is blocked in the heart or greater vessels
Bonus: can you name an example of a cause?
Obstructive Shock
Examples of causes: cardiac tamponade, aortic dissection, tension pneumothorax, pumonary embolism
formation of glucose in the liver
gluconeogenesis
Percentage of blood ejected from the heart per contraction
Stroke volume
Term used when the body senses a high PaCO2 and stimulates breathing. Bonus: Is this in a healthy person or damaged lung person
Hypercapneic drive
Seen in healthy persons. Unhealthy or Damaged lung persons (ex:COPD) over time switch to a hypoxic drive
how may the skin appear in acidosis?
warm and flushed
Most common cause of Cardiogenic shock
Myocardial Infarction
Difference between DM1 and DM2
DM2- insulin may be produced but body becomes resistant to it. May or may not need exogenous insulin
Name the three "tropics" and what they mean
chronotropic= heart rate
Inotropic= contractility of myocardial muscle
dromotropic= electrical conduction
An acute condition of the lungs : this state results in impaired diffusion of gases due to fluid build up
Pulmonary Edema
A build up of hydrogen ions affects the pH how? What will the respiratory system do to help correct
pH will decrease (acidosis)
The body will breathe faster to blow off acid
Name the type of shock associated with widespread dilation of vessels AND name a subcategory of this type of shock
Distributive shock
Anaphylactic or Septic shocks
Crush injury may result in this electrolyte condition
Hyperkalemia
protein that bonds to form fibrous component of blood clot
fibrin
In the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve acidosis and alkalosis cause the curve to shift either left or right. Which way does each state shift the curve.
Bonus: what does a left shift mean vs a right shift
Acidosis (decreased pH) causes a right shift
A right shift means oxygen is given up faster and earlier while a left shift has the hemoglobin hold on tighter to the oxygen a little longer
With a pH of 7.65 and a CO2 of 25 are you in respiratory or metabolic acidosis or alkalosis and how will your kidneys help to compensate
Respiratory alkalosis
Kidneys will retain hydrogen ions and eliminate bicarbonate to balance out.
In response to shock name 3 things the body may do in response to compensate
Increase force of contraction, increase heart rate, vasoconstriction, ADH is released to retain salt/water, spleen releases RBS in crease O2 carrying capacity, increase in respirations and depth.
name two effects of chronic stress on the body
increased cortisol levels, depression, suppression of the immune system, loss of ability to fight disease, release of fat and cholesterol into bloodstream leading to CAD/MI/Stroke.