Phase Changes
Solid to liquid
Melting
Three states of matter
solid, liquid, gas
True or False: Hydrogen bonds are bonds
False
What is a saturated solution?
A solution with the maximum amount of solute dissolved
Four types of solids
Molecular, ionic, metallic, covalent network
Gas to liquid
Condensation
In order from strongest attraction to weakest attraction between particles
solid, liquid, gas
True or False: Intermolecular forces are stronger than bonds.
False
How do electrolytes conduct electric current?
They dissolve into ions that help conduct electric currents through liquid
What type of solid best conducts electricity?
Metallic solid
Liquid to gas
Vaporization
Difference between liquid and gas
Liquids have some attraction between particles while gases have almost no attraction between particles
In order from weakest to strongest: dipole interactions, hydrogen bonds, London dispersion forces
London dispersion forces, dipole interactions, hydrogen bonds
What are two ways to increase dissolution rate?
Decreasing size, increasing temperature, adding kinetic energy by stirring, etc
Why can particles in a solid only vibrate?
The strength of the attraction between them prevents them from moving too far apart.
Solid to gas
Sublimation
What are the three types of motion? Which one can particles in a solid do?
translation, vibration, rotation
vibration
Collective name for London dispersion forces and dipole interactions
van der Waals forces
increases, decreases
What two properties does metallic bonding give metallic solids?
Malleability and ductility
Gas to solid
Deposition
Which state of matter has fixed volume but not a fixed shape?
Liquid
What type of intermolecular force is present in all molecules?
London dispersion forces
How does a reusable portable heat pack work?
It contains a supersaturated solution that releases heat when it crystallizes. You raise the temperature to dissolve all of the solute and let it cool down to make it supersaturated. You crystallize the extra solute by causing a disturbance (ex: snapping a metal disk inside).
Why does metallic bonding give malleability?
The cations can change position easily without breaking the attractive forces between them