Freezing and Melting
What is the definition of melting?
The physical process by which a solid becomes a liquid due to the raising of temperature
What is sublimation?
The process where a solid changes to vapor without passing through the liquid state
What is KMT?
Kinetic Molecular Theory is
What is the definition of boiling?
A phase change where a liquid changes to a gas when the substance has reached it’s boiling point
What is the definition of vapor pressure?
Pressure exerted by the solution to its air molecules at equilibrium
What are some examples of melting and freezing?
Melting: Candles, Ice cube melting
Freezing: Making popsicles, Making ice cubes
What are examples of deposition?
Formation of frost, Soot in chimney's
What happens to gas particles when they get cold?
When the particles get cold they slow down and come closer together
What is the definition of pressure?
The amount of force applied over a specific area
What is the definition of a phase change?
The conversion of matter from one state to another that occurs when energy and pressure are added or removed
What is the difference between melting and freezing?
Melting occurs when heat is added to a solid substance and it changes to become a liquid; freezing occurs when a liquid loses heat and it changes to a solid
What phase does sublimation skip?
During sublimation the temperature and pressure levels are so low that a liquid is unable to exist
Why does a liquid turn into a gas when it gets very hot?
The particles gain energy, move faster, and spread out enough to break free from the liquid and become a gas
What is condensation?
The physical process of a gaseous substance releasing kinetic energy to become it’s liquid state
What are all the different types of phase changes?
Freezing, Melting, Condensation, Sublimation, Boiling, Deposition
Why does a solid turn into a liquid when it is heated?
The particles gain energy, move faster, and begin to slide past each other, allowing the solid to melt into a liquid
What happens to the particle movement during sublimation?
The particles gain energy causing them to move faster and break free from their bonds allowing them to move freely
How does KMT affect particle movement?
When temperature is higher particles move faster and when the temperature is lower particles move slower
Two opposing changes that occur at equal rates with no net change
What are the factors that determine the state of a substance at a given time?
Temperature, Pressure, Type of substance
What happens when a solid reaches its melting point?
The vibrations of the particles disrupt the intermolecular forces within the solid
What happens to the IMF's when deposition occurs?
As the gaseous substance looses kinetic energy the particles movement slows down and allows the IMF's to pull together
How does KMT explain changes of state?
KMT explains that changes of state happen because of changes in particle energy. When particles gain energy they move faster and spread out (ex. solid to liquid) When they lose energy they slow down and come closer together (ex. liquid to solid)
What is the definition of equilibrium vapor pressure?
A process in which evaporation and condensation are happening at equal rates; there is no net liquid and gas created
What is the difference between boiling and evaporation?
Evaporation can occur at any temperature and only occurs at the surface of a substance while boiling can only occur at a substances boiling point and doesn't only happen at the surface of a substance