Gas Laws #1
When considering the relationship between temperature and volume, what condition must be kept constant?
Pressure
Temperature is measured in
What is Kelvin?
List 3 properties of gases
Diffuse quickly
Flow freely
Have mass
Compressible
Expand & contract with temp. & volume changes
Gay-Lussac's Law formula is ...
... P1/T1=P2/T2.
Name the phase change solid-> gas
sublimation
What is the formula for Charles's Law?
V1/T1=V2/T2
What is the ideal gas law equation?
PV=nRT
Name at least one assumption of the kinetic-molecular theory
constant, rapid motion
no energy lost during collisions
kinetic energy related to temp.
molecules are very far apart
no attractive forces
The pressure in Gay-Lussac's Law increases when ...
... the temperature decreases.
What is the difference between amorphous and crystalline solids?
organization
What is 25oC in Kelvin?
25+273 = 298K
What is the constant R in (L)(atm)/(K)(mol)?
0.0821 (L)(atm)/(K)(mol)
V1/T1=V2/T2 Charles’s Law
600.0 mL of air is at 20.0 °C(20+273=293K). What is the volume at 60.0 °(60+273=333K)?
What is 681.91ml?
A gas has a pressure of 0.875 atm at 35.0 °C(35+273=308K). What is the pressure at 545K?
The Law used is...
What is 1.56 atm?
Lussac’s Law
What happens to the temperature DURING a phase change as kinetic energy increases?
Temperature stays the same. It plateaus on the graph.
A gas has a volume of 300mL at 150oC. It is heated until it's volume is 600 mL. What is the new temperature of the gas if the pressure remains constant?
V1/T1=V2/T2
300mL/423K = 600mL/T2
T2 = 846K
Double Jeopardy!
A gas has a volume of 3.5L at STP. How many moles of gas is this?
*STP=Pressure 1atm, temperature=273K
PV=nRT
(1)(3.5L)=(n)(.0821)(273K)
n = 0.16 mol
At 225.0 °C(225+273=498K) a gas has a volume of 400.0 mL. What is the volume of this gas at 127.0 °C(127+273=400K)?
The law used
What is 321.29mL?
What is Charles Law?
A gas with a pressure of 735 mmHg and a volume of 4L is allowed to expand to a volume of 12L. What is the pressure of the gas when the volume reaches 12L if the temperature remains constant?
P1V1=P2V2
(735mmHg)(4L) = (P2)(12L)
P2 = 245mmHg
Double Jeopardy!
How many mL of 6.0 M HCl must be diluted to make 250 mL of 1.5 M HCl?
62.5 mL
Boyle’s law, stated mathematically is P1V1 = P2V2. According to this law, what is the relationship between pressure and volume?
As the pressure increases, the volume decreases.
A sample of nitrogen is kept at a constant temperature of 300K. If the initial pressure is 4atm and the volume is 1.85L, what is the new volume if the pressure is changed to 1.6atm?
4.63L
Jennifer goes to the party store and buys a balloon for her sister’s birthday. The balloon is filled with 21.7L of helium gas at a temperature of 23.6oC. If the pressure is 1atm, how many moles of helium are in the balloon?
n= .89 mol
A gas will increase in pressure inside a sealed container when heated. Which of the following is the best explanation for this in terms of kinetic molecular theory?
The particles gain more energy and therefore move faster, causing more collisions with the walls of the container.
What volume, in mL, of a 0.250 M NaOH contains 0.100 mol of NaOH?
400 mL