Health Promotion
_______ ________ refers to efforts to prevent disease from occurring
Give 1 example
Primary Prevention
A ___________ is defined as the presence of an event in epidemic proportions affecting many communities and countries in a short period of time
pandemic
What is the goal of nursing research?
A. Make decisions regarding nursing education based on published literature
B. Determine topics that could develop nursing knowledge
C. Gather information from published literature to make decisions about application to clinical practice
D. Conduct studies to develop a body of nursing knowledge
Answer: D
Feedback: Nursing research focuses on human responses to health and illness situations; as such, the goal of nursing research is to conduct studies to develop a unique body of nursing knowledge that is key to building evidence-based practice in our discipline.
Which of the following would be considered the research design for Level I evidence?
A. Single, well-designed randomized controlled trial
B. Systematic review of randomized controlled trial studies
C. Well-designed controlled trials without randomization
D. Systematic reviews of descriptive or qualitative studies
Answer: B
Feedback: Level I evidence includes systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.
_______ _________ is the restoration of health after illness or disease has occurred
Give 1 example
tertiary prevention
A clinical guideline may be found useful if the guideline was
A. Published 2 to 3 years ago
B. Created using one group
C. Authored by a relatively unknown source
D. Funded by an anonymous source
Answer: A
Feedback: Guidelines must be current. This means the guideline must have been created or revised in the past 2 to 3 years to be considered useful.
Which of the following would be considered the research design for Level II evidence?
A. Single descriptive or qualitative study
B. Well-designed case control or cohort studies
C. Single, well-designed randomized clinical trial
D. Systematic review of randomized clinical trial studies
Answer: C
Feedback: A single, well-designed randomized clinical trial is considered Level II evidence
immunization is an example of what type of prevention
primary prevention
Practice guidelines are designed to
A. Be inflexible
B. Be utilized in every circumstance
C. Provide a reference point for decision making
D. Define the scope of work
Answer: C
Feedback: Guidelines are intended to provide a reference point and general direction for decision making. They are not meant to be interpreted as rigid criteria that must be followed regardless of the context.
Which of the following would be considered the research design for Level III evidence?
A. Well-designed controlled trials without randomization
B. Systematic reviews of descriptive or qualitative studies
C. Systematic review of randomized clinical trial studies
D. Opinion of authorities and expert committees
Answer: A
Feedback: Well-designed controlled trials without randomization are classified as Level III evidence.
A yearly mammograms' is an example of which type of prevention
secondary prevention
Which is the most important question to ask in evidence-based practice?
A. Who funded the research?
B. How will the findings be used?
C. Is this a randomized controlled trial?
D. What theory is being utilized?
Answer: B
Feedback: When evaluating research to be used in evidence-based practice, it is important to ask how the findings will be used. It is also important to consider what constitutes evidence.
Which of the following would be considered the research design for Level IV evidence?
A. Single descriptive or qualitative study
B. Opinion of authorities and expert committees
C. Systematic review of randomized clinical trial studies
D. Well-designed case control or cohort studies
Answer: D
Feedback: Level IV evidence consists of well-designed case control or cohort studies.
The ________ ________ is the number of new cases of a disease diagnosed at a point in time
incidence rate
Nursing research should be utilized by
A. Nurses at the bedside
B. Advanced practice nurses
C. Nurse researchers
D. Nurses at all levels of practice
D
Nurses at all levels of practice should use research to improve patient outcomes.
Which of the following would be considered the research design for Level V evidence?
A. Systematic review of randomized clinical trial studies
B. Well-designed controlled trials without randomization
C. Systematic reviews of descriptive or qualitative studies
D. Single descriptive or qualitative study
Answer: C
Feedback: Systematic reviews of descriptive or qualitative studies are classified as Level V evidence.