The Inflammatory Response
This cell type is the dominant player in chronic inflammation, terminally differentiating once it leaves the bloodstream.
What is a macrophage?
These cells kill target cells that lack or have "downregulated" MHC Class I molecules on their surface.
What are Natural Killer (NK) cells?
This translocation, t(9;22), is the hallmark of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML).
What is the Philadelphia Chromosome?
This is the defining clinical difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor.
What is the ability to invade and metastasize?
This malignancy of plasma cells is dependent on IL-6 and often causes excess production of immunoglobulin.
What is multiple myeloma?
This specific type of chronic inflammation is characterized by "epithelioid histiocytes" and is a classic finding in Tuberculosis or Sarcoidosis.
What is granulomatous inflammation?
This MHC class presents exogenous antigens to CD4+ Helper T cells.
What is MHC Class II?
This B-cell malignancy is characterized by t(8;14) and a "starry-sky" pattern on histology.
What is Burkitt Lymphoma?
This term describes a disorganized mass of mature, specialized cells or tissue indigenous to a particular site.
What is a hamartoma?
This rare complication of rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by splenomegaly, neutropenia, joint deformity, and extra-articular disease.
What is Felty Syndrome?
These are the two most common anti-inflammatory cytokines.
What are IL-10 and TGF-B
This antibody isotype is the only one capable of crossing the placenta to provide neonatal immunity.
What is IgG?
These large, multinucleated cells with "owl-eye" nuclei are the diagnostic feature of Hodgkin Lymphoma.
What are Reed-Sternberg cells?
This B-Cell malignancy has a characteristic translocation that causes overexpression of Cyclin D1
What is Mantle Cell Lymphoma?
This diagnosis is often characterized by increased RBC mass, aquagenic pruritis, and deep vein thrombosis.
What is polycythemia vera?
This step of leukocyte recruitment involves weak, transient interactions mediated by selectins.
What is rolling?
This term describes the genetic mechanism (mediated by RAG-1 and RAG-2) that allows for the massive diversity of B and T cell receptors.
What is V(D)J recombination?
This low-grade B-cell lymphoma is highly associated with chronic H. pylori infection in the stomach.
What is MALT lymphoma (Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue)?
High-risk strains of this virus (16 and 18) produce E6 and E7 proteins that inactivate p53 and RB.
What is Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?
Mutations in these genes can cause recurrent candidia infections, chronic mucocutaneous candadiasis, hypoparathyroidism, or adrenal insufficiency.
What are Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) Genes?
These are the three primary "positive" acute-phase reactants produced by the liver in response to IL-6.
What are CRP, Fibrinogen, and Ferritin? (Accept any of the three).
This hypersensitivity type involves the deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in tissues, leading to complement activation.
What is Type III hypersensitivity?
This is the most common leukemia in adults in Western countries; it often presents as an incidental finding of mature lymphocytosis.
What is Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)?
This pathway of metastasis is the most common for sarcomas.
What is hematogenous spread?
These long-acting drugs with a rapid onset of action stimulates the β2 receptors found on the bronchial smooth muscle (specific).
What are formoterol and salmeterol?