Constraints & Theories
This task constraint is characterized by a clear beginning and end to a movement.
Discrete
Improving your free throw success rate from 2/10 to 8/10 in a matter of minutes is an example of this, rather than true motor learning.
Sensorimotor adaptation
What are the components of the brain stem?
Midbrain, pons, medulla
The descending neuron which travels from the brain to the spinal cord may be called a/an...
first order neuron or upper motor neuron
Contralateral cerebellar damage due to cortical CVA.
Diaschisis
This motor control theory assumes that movement must occur in response to a stimulus.
Reflex Theory
This implicit form of motor learning would occur in an NYC Uber driver who hardly recognizes blaring horns and sirens anymore.
Habituation
The process of which an electrical signal travels across an axon.
Saltatory conduction
To contract the rectus abdominis, the upper motor neuron must travel through which tract?
Anterior corticospinal tract
Explain denervation supersensitivity
Upregulation of neuronal post-synaptic membrane receptors.
Spectator noise would be an example of what type of environmental constraint?
Non-regulatory
The first stage of Fitts & Posner's Three Stage Model of Motor Learning is known as the...
Cognitive stage
In order for neuronal depolarization to occur, this ion influxes the neuron.
Na+
What is the primary differentiating factor between the anterior and lateral corticospinal tract?
ACST decussates in the spinal cord
True/False
Diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy and poliomyelitis, result in hyperactive reflexes due to anterior horn damage.
False
The Ecological Theory suggests that movement occurs through what coupling principle?
Perception-action coupling
A pitcher performs the single leg stance phase of a pitch multiple times in a row without ever throwing a pitch.
Part practice
This lobe is responsible for the perception of speech.
Temporal
Which component of this neurological pathway is INCORRECT for the spinothalamic tract?
First order: Skin -> dorsal gray column
Second order: Spinothalamic tract -> thalamus
Third order: Decussation in thalamus -> Parietal lobe
Spinothalamic tract decussates its second order neuron in the spinal cord
Phantom limb pain is often experienced post-amputation due to what potential mechanism?
Cortical reorganization
Stated by Bernstein in 1967, "coordination of movement is the process of mastering the redundant..." what?
Degrees of freedom
This type of nondeclarative learning is reflected when an athlete aims to perform well to avoid further laps of running.
Operant conditioning
Carrying afferent and efferent signals, this part of the nervous system is located between every vertebra.
Spinal nerve
Since the quadricep is innervated by spinal level L3, decussation of the upper motor neuron will occur at this location.
Medulla
The first principle of neuroplasticity
Use it or lose it