Metaphysics
Definition of Metaphysics
The branch of philosophy that deals with the first principles of things, including abstract concepts such as being, knowing, substance, cause, identity, time, and space.
Definition of Epistemology
Theory of Knowledge
Definition of Axiology
Axiology is the philosophical study of value.
Definition of Logic
Study of reasoning, or the study of the principles and criteria of valid inference and demonstration. It attempts to distinguish good reasoning from bad reasoning.
Definition of Ethics
Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that "involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior"
What are the three branches of Metaphysics?
Ontology, religious metaphysics, and physical metaphysics?
Definition of Rationalism
Rationalism is the belief in innate ideas, reason, and deduction.
Branches of Axiology
Ethics and Aesthetics
Two types of Logic
Inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning
Give examples of some ethical dilemmas
Examples: Taking credit for others' work. Offering a client a worse product for your own profit.
Who said, "Cogito ergo sum" or "I think therefore I am"
Descartes
Definition of Empiricism
Empiricism is the belief in sense perception, induction, and that there are no innate ideas
Definition of Aesthetics
Examination of what is beautiful, tasteful, or enjoyable
Inductive reasoning aims at developing a theory. No full assurance of the truth
Moral Standards
Who said, "The unexamined life is not worth living?"
Socrates
Was Decartes a rationalist or an empiricist?
Descartes was the first of the modern rationalists and has been dubbed the 'Father of Modern Philosophy.' Much subsequent Western philosophy is a response to his writings, which are studied closely to this day.
What do we typically pair the term aesthetics to?
Art
What is deductive reasoning?
Deductive reasoning, as opposed to inductive reasoning, plans to test an already existing theory through evidence and thought
What is an ethical dilemma?
An ethical dilemma, ethical paradox, or moral dilemma is a decision-making problem between two possible moral imperatives, neither of which is unambiguously acceptable or preferable. The complexity arises out of the situational conflict in which obeying would result in transgressing another.
Come up with three metaphysical questions
Ex: Questions based on Being, Existence, Purpose, Universals, Property, Relation, Causality, Space, Time, Event, and many others.
Was John Locke a rationalist or an empiricist?
Empiricist. For Locke, all knowledge comes exclusively through experience. He argues that at birth the mind is a tabula rasa, or blank slate, that humans fill with ideas as they experience the world through the five senses. From this definition, it follows that our knowledge does not extend beyond the scope of human ideas.
Four categories of Aesthetics (think senses)
Taste/smell, sight, vision, touch
What is a logical fallacy or a false dilemma?
Essentially, a false dilemma presents a “black and white” kind of thinking when there are actually many shades of gray.
Aristotle on Ethics
The moral theory of Aristotle, like that of Plato, focuses on virtue, recommending the virtuous way of life by its relation to happiness