Deductive Arguments
The kind of support that a deductive argument is intended to provide for the conclusion is supposed to be this thing.
Logically conclusive
This logical connection has many shapes: ¬, ~, and !.
NOT
If the presence of A is a requirement for B, we would say that it is this kind of condition.
Necessary
"If P, then Q" has two forms that are always valid: Affirming the Antecedent and Denying the Consequent. What are their Latin names?
Modus Tollens and Modus Ponens
This form of logical fallacy of acceptability is one of the most common of all time: especially online.
Lying
The second statement of a conditional premise is known as the consequent; what is the name of the first?
Antecedent
This logical connection is sometimes seen as a circumflex (∧), but is more recognized in it's loopy form.
AND (&)
If there are way more people in the room than needed to guarantee a certain outcome, we would say the number of people is this condition.
Sufficient (but not necessary)
This form of argument is always invalid because we can't prove that something else didn't cause the outcome.
Affirming the Consequent (If P, then Q; Q, therefore P)
There is one form of "Appeal to..." fallacy that is different; Appealing to ignorance is a fallacy of adequacy. What kind of fallacy are all the other appealing fallacies?
When an argument's premises can only be described as "probable", we say it is this kind of argument.
Indiductive argument
The four vowels used to determine the universality and affirmation of an argument, typically found in Venn Diagrams.
A (universal affirmative), E (universal negative), I (universal affirmative), O (universal negative)
The "bi" in bicycle shows that is needs two wheels; what does it show in the word "biconditional"?
The two things an argument must be, in order to be considered sound, are it's validity, and this quality.
Truth
Begging the Question / Argumentum ad nauseam
There are two techniques to prove an argument is invalid; one of them involves pitching a possible situation in which the true premises would make what?
A false conclusion
A and B are the standard letter choices for necessity and sufficiency examples; what pair is most commonly found in deductive arguments?
P and Q
A condition that is needed for B, but does not guarantee it's existence, is said to be this.
Necessary but not sufficient.
To reject a claim by criticizing the person who made it is an appeal to the person; but when that criticism becomes a personal attack, it becomes this Latin fallacy.
Ad hominem
This kind of conditional argument is made up of three elements; when it's valid, it can sometimes be described as a domino effect.
Hypothetical Syllogism
The four most common letters you'll see in an arguments' standard form, alongside numbers.
P (Premise), U (Unstated), C (Conclusion), I (Inferred)
Necessity and sufficiency can be distinguished by the direction of it's conditionals: if A is necessary for B, what valid argument form does it naturally take?
Modus Tollens
When faced with a question about a statement's validity and soundness, this "trick answer" is normally included.
Sound but invalid
When you distort, weaken, oversimplify, or twist someone's position or argument, you can say you're using them as this common farm item.
Straw man (scarecrow)