Arguments 1
Third premise (conclusion) of the cultural differences argument
Therefore, moral propositions are only true or false relative to a culture's beliefs or practices
Therefore, determinism is compatible with free will
Cultural relativism
Type of moral relativism
Moral propositions are true or false only relative to a given culture's moral beliefs
Determinism
The state of the world at any given time plus the laws of nature necessitate a single, unique future state of the world
Second premise of Cultural Differences Argument
(CD2) Every proposition about which there are cultural differences is only true or false relative to a given culture
Belief in hard incompatibilism has bad consequences
Hard incompatibilism
FW3 and FW2 are true, FW1 is false
Determinism is incompatible with free will and determinism is true
we do not have free will
Counterfactual conditional
An "if-then" claim with a false antecedent
Third premise (conclusion) of Bad Consequences Argument
(BC3) Therefore, we should not believe in hard incompatibilism
First premise of Cultural Differences Argument
(CD1) There are cultural differences regarding moral propositions
A set of propositions that are
(i) Individually plausible
(ii) jointly logically inconsistent
Ability to do Otherwise condition
x does A freely at time t only if x could have done otherwise than A at t
All three premises of the Paradox of Free Will
(FW1) We have free will
(FW2) Determinism is true
(FW3) If determinism is true, then we have no free will
Second premise of Bad Consequences Argument
(BC2) We should not hold beliefs that have bad consequences
Fatalism
(ii) there is only one possible first State of the World and laws of nature
Contagion theory of punishment
Criminal punishment is justified because- like quarantine- it prevents the criminal from further harming society
All three premises of the Argument for Compatibilism
(AC1) If determinism is compatible with the ability to do otherwise, then determinism is compatible with free will
(AC2) The ability to do otherwise is compatible with free will
(AC3) Therefore, determinism is compatible with free will
Defense of FW3:
(FW3) If determinism is true, then we have no free will
(3.1) If determinism is true, then we don't have the ability to do otherwise
(3.2) If we're never able to do otherwise, then we don't have free will
(3.3) Therefore, if determinism is true, then we don't have free will
State of the world at a time t = a complete list of:
(i) the physical objects that exist at t
(ii) their physical properties at t (ex. their mass, location, color, etc.)
Indeterministic vs. counterfactual ability to do otherwise
Indeterministic: Given the very same past and the laws of nature, x could not have done A
Counterfactual: If x had decided not to do A, then x would not have done A