Arguments
What is an argument?
Collection of statements
What is cultural relativism?
There is no objective truth in morality. Right and wrong varies among cultures.
What is eudaemonia?
Flourishing, happiness, living well
What are voluntary actions?
Actions that are subject to praise and blame
What is the doctrine of the mean?
Virtue is a mean between two extremes, and excess and a deficiency
What are statements that support the conclusion?
Premises
What are Rachels' three arguments against cultural relativism?
Logical argument, argument from consequence, argument against the premise
What is a virtue?
A trait or characteristic that allows something to perform its function well
Actions that are pardoned and sometimes pitied
What are the three types of friendship?
Utility, Pleasure, Character
What is a conclusion?
Statement supported by the premises
What is an example of a practice that varies from culture to culture?
Burial practices, etc.
What are virtues that have to do with exercising reason?
Intellectual virtues
What is forced action?
Actions where the moving principle is entirely outside
When does friendship for pleasure end?
No longer brings pleasure
What makes an argument valid?
The conclusion logically follows from the premises
What ethical theory will we discuss that embraces cultural relativism?
Existentialism
What are moral virtues?
Virtues that have to do with using reason to control the non rational part of our nature
What is a moving principle?
The reason provoking action
When does friendship for utility end?
No longer useful
What makes an argument sound?
The conclusion logically follows from the premises and the premises are true
What are the three objective ethical theories we will discuss in this course?
Virtue ethics, deontology, utilitarianism
What is the function of a human being according to Aristotle?
Reason
What is constrained action?
Performing an action to avoid immediate harm
When does friendship for character end?
Was never a friendship for character, when one friend becomes vicious, or when one friend surpasses the other in virtue