Sheth
What specific practice has been synechdochically positioned as representative of the Muslim population?
veiling
Define the "natural attitude".
"a state that feels automatic, comfortably familiar, in no need of questioning" (177)
Define in broad terms the difference between guilt and shame.
guilt
--the other is victim or enforcer. Threat is punishment. Evaluates acts.
shame
--the other as a watcher or witness. Threat is abandonment and disapproval. Evaluates character.
Explain the role of hypervisibility?
Based on hypervisibility, the black body is racialized.
What dimension of agency does Bierria clarify?
the social, our actions need to be understood by others.
What is the first transition? Explain a little.
strangeness of a culture-->uncomplying person
Why is the “natural attitude” useful to think about whiteness?
It helps explains that which has been created by social and cultural conditions . . . that are taken for granted, and feels simply as an immediate intuitive understanding.
Explain the benefits and problems in societies that emphasize guilt.
Benefit: justice
Deficit: deficiencies of community.
Explain the impact of hypervisibility on the embodiment of the black man.
The black subject is alienated from himself, and made to always represent his race, his ancestors, and his body.
Bierria separates what the agent ? and how others?
agent intends and how others interpret.
What is the second transition? Explain a little.
from uncompliant-->justifying colonialism
Explain some features of whiteness.
--emerged out of a combination of historical experiences and state-enforced advantages.
--intentional protections of whites.
--has a particular effect on the formation of subjectivity.
--changes
--intentional
Explain the benefits and problems of societies that emphasize shame.
Benefit: sense of communities.
Deficiencies: Justice and fail to recognize rights of others.
What are Merleau-Ponty's two concepts of embodiment?
Body image and Body schema.
Do social institutions enfranchise some agents and disenfranchise others?
Yes.
What is Spivak’s quote?
White men are saving brown women from brown men.
Is it maintained passively?
No
What emotion does the United States emphasize?
Guilt
What does a disability-conscious framework add to this discussion?
facilitates reimagining agency that foregrounds the experience of struggle, and not just success.
What is the third transition
Explain the source of the idea of white exceptionalism?
Crevecouer
What other forms of agency does Bierria forward in lieu of understanding agency based on success?
Alien, insurgent, and transformative