Aristotle & Plato
The word missing in the following pillar of Plato's Academy: "______ as a form of pure knowledge."
What is Mathematics?
Kant based his theories on these two principles.
What is "reason" and "rationality"?
The period in which John Locke lived (roughly).
What is 1632-1704?
John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor Mill advocated for __________ within a utilitarian and democratic society.
What is individual liberty?
This principle maximizes human well-being with an emphasis on society as a whole, rather than individual while still respecting the rights of the individual.
What is utilitarianism?
According to Aristotle, this ability is what makes humans unique.
What is our ability to reason?
This theory of ethics is motivated out of an obligation to follow one's own reason in making moral judgements and is concerned with the motivation for the act itself rather than the consequences of the act.
What is deontological ethics?
What are life, health, liberty, and possessions?
Privacy and Speech
What is born, becomes?
In this theory, Plato distinguishes between people who mistake sensory knowledge for the truth and people who really do see the truth.
What is the Allegory of the Cave
All objects of inclinations have only a _______ worth.
Though the earth and all inferior creatures be common to all men, yet every man has a _______ in his own person.
What is property?
According to the Principle of Utility, Humans are governed by ______ and _______, and Bentham used _______ to measure them.
"Pleasure" and "pain".
Calculus.
What is skepticism?
According to Aristotle, this is what makes a human good.
What is to live a contemplative life?
Kant asserted that one must 1. act in such a way that you treat humanity...as an end, never merely as a means and 2. act that we may think of ourselves as a member in the universal realm of ends ("universal kingdom of ends").
What is the Categorical Imperative?
All humans would act with __________ in the state of nature.
Four of the seven values of Pleasures and Pains
What are Intensity, Duration, Certainty or Uncertainty, Propinquity or Remoteness, Fecundity, Purity, and Extent.
human being, pig, Socrates, fool
According to Plato, these two structures of reality can only be understood through reason.
What are "Ideals" and "Forms"?
According to Rawls' A Theory of Justice, ________ or _______ inequalities should not be permitted unless they are to everyone's advantage and are attached to positions open to everyone.
What are "social" or "economic"?
According to Hobbes and Locke's Social Contract Theories, Hobbes believed the role of government is to ________ while Locke believed it is to _______.
What is "to prevent all humans from fighting to the death for power" and "better protect your natural rights than you could on your own in the state of nature"?
According to Mill, this is society.
What is the search for higher values?
What are the subcategories of cognitivism?
What are Subjectivism, Relativism, Objectivism?