This educational philosophy calls for a "back to the basics" approach to curriculum and believes that students and schools are failing because we have moved away from "mastering skills, facts, and concepts that form the basis of the subject matter."
What is Essentialism?
100
He is considered by some to be the father of the Progressive movement.
Who is John Dewey?
100
This is a collection of "background knowledge necessary for cultural literacy and effective communication in the United States," written by E.D. Hirsch.
What is Cultural Literacy?
100
The most important thing is to rethink the things we already know.
What is Idealism?
100
This curriculum (under Progressivism) emphasizes "affective processes, self-knowledge, and higher domains of consciousness," and was a response to the content-dominated times.
What is a humanistic curriculum?
200
This educational philosophy is the most radical, calls for "society-centered education that addressed the needs of all social classes."
What is Reconstructionism?
200
He is often linked to the development of Realism, believed that humans' highest purpose is to think.
Who is Aristotle?
200
This book claims that we have abandoned high standards for critical thought in favor of "equality," (no one idea is 'better' than another), written by Allan Bloom.
What is The Closing of the American Mind?
200
The most important thing is to think, to perceive truth with our senses and "live a rational life of moderation."
What is Realism?
200
This Brazilian author wrote "Pedagogy of the Oppressed" and believed that, through learning, people can be empowered to take action and overcome oppression."
Who is Paulo Freire?
300
This educational philosophy "relies on the past and stresses values...emphasizes knowledge that has stood the test of time and cherished values of society."
What is Perennialism?
300
He was the founder of kindergarten and believed in an idealist pedagogy.
Who is Fredrich Froebel?
300
This text outlined the relationship between schools and a democratic society, written by John Dewey.
What is Democracy and Education?
300
We should study the problems that afflict society and work to make them better.
What is Reconstructionsim?
300
Published in 2010 this report has helped promote our standards movement.
What is Race to the Top?
400
This educational philosophy believes that knowledge and thinking are dynamic and that the purpose of school should be to empower future citizens for a democracy.
What is Progressivism?
400
Dewey's former student and an advocate for students being involved in curriculum making and for teachers to "plan and organize around social activities..."
Who is William Kilpatrick?
400
This text is highly critical of teachers and schools, "describes teachers as enforcing rigid rules and schoolchildren as learning to be stupid and...focus on right answers," written by John Holt.
What is How Children Fail?
400
Knowledge is fluid and derived from experience.
What is Progressivism?
400
The philosophy that believes people create their own realities through the choices that they make is...
What is Existentialism?
500
This philosophy is "based on change, process, and relativity." These philosophers "reject the idea of unchanging and universal truths."
What is Pragmatism?
500
He called for the "common school," and believed that education has the potential to be the "great equalizer" for all.
Who is Horace Mann?
500
This is a seminal report that has driven our nation's search for "higher academic standards."
What is A Nation At Risk?
500
Knowledge is external and can be learned objectively; taking students' interest or social issues into account is wasteful.
What is Essentialism?
500
The fact that there is no one, best "society," or "set of values," or "culture," challenges which two educational philosophies?