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The external world and how we understand it
Cause and Effect ANNND
The Self
Important Arguments 1
Important Arguments 2
Miscellaneous
100
This rationalist argument passes the indubitability tests of the illusion, dream, and evil demon arguments.
What is the Cogito (Ergo Sum) Argument, giving us reason which then allows us to gain the external world and senses as real.
100
According to Hume, this is what we experience with force and violence: emotions, feelings, and sensory experience.
What are impressions? (As opposed to ideas, that are not as strong)
100
This is the dream argument and what it is necessarily arguing against using as a foundation for knowledge.
What is the uncertainty that the world we see is real and not a dream. It is arguing against using senses as the foundation for knowledge (like empiricists suggest) (Day 1 of Test 2 Lecture).
100
These are Berkeley's arguments against Locke's primary and secondary qualities.
What are that 1. You can't think of a primary quality without also thinking about the secondary quality 2. Primary qualities are subjective too 3. We can't understand the extra-mental reality because we are using our mind (the mental reality) for understanding.
100
This is Hume's skepticism about our personal identity
What is that our personal identity can't be an impression because it isn't fleeting. He was also confused about was that the self is distinct from ideas, so to say that the self is also an idea doesn't make sense. He also can't see the self as being one impression since the self impression changes constantly. (Look at your notes for more information) He believes the self is so intuitive because of both our imagination and our selective attention.
200
Locke is this type of Empiricist
What is a Realist Empiricist?
200
These are the proofs for Hume's copy theory that states that all of our simple ideas are derived from simple impressions.
What are: 1. Proof 1: We can identify every idea's impression 2. Proof 2: No impression, no idea EXCEPTION: Missing shade of blue
200
The evil demon argument tells us this and is an argument against us using this as a foundation for our knowledge
What is to suppose there is an evil demon with unlimited power that feeds us tricks and messes with our memory. This is an argument against using memory as a foundation for knowledge.
200
This philosopher thinks of himself as the "common sense" view. Why is that the case
Who is Berkeley. (Explain why his view makes more sense to us than Locke's might, recall that in Locke's reality, secondary qualities do not exist, ie: Taste, smell, etc).
200
What is Hume's Bundle Theory of Self?
What is that the idea of our self is merely a collection of perceptions that succeed each other and are in a perpetual flux and movement. He believes that there is no identity (continuity) in different moments of life.
300
Contrary to Berkeley, Locke believes this about ideas and qualities.
What is that all ideas stem from a quality in an object?
300
This is the difference between matters of fact and relation of ideas
What is that Relation of Ideas are discoverable by mere operation of thought, while matters of fact inform us beyond the present testimony and transcends the data set we have.
300
This contradiction is what Descarte's cogito argument is based upon. It allows for the cogito argument to pass the indubitability tests in order for this to be the base of knowledge.
What is the performative contradiction: statement made false by the art of making the statement. So, if you say "I don't exist," you exist because you're saying that you don't exist. Cogito Ergo Sum: I think therefore I am proves that if you think you must exist! Reason is the base of knowledge.
300
In Hume's Fork, Hume argues this about cause and effect
What is that cause and effect relationship is not attained by apriori or aposteriori reasoning. Why???
300
This philosopher is a skeptical empiricist.
Who is Hume?
400
According to Locke, Ideas are only good if they do this
What is resemble the outside world?
400
This concept is the idea that knowledge is not the mind conforming around the world, but rather, the world conforming around the mind.
What is Kant's "Copernican Revolution."
400
These three things are the options for explaining the source of sensations. How does Descartes void the first 2?
What is: 1. We create them ourselves 2. God transmits them to us 3. Physical things come to us (How does he disprove the first 2? Check your notes if you forgot!)
400
Kant believes this about cause and effect against Hume's skepticism
What is that we get cause and effect by applying apriori concepts to the sensory world (aposteriori) to organize that experience by saying that event 1 causes event 2.
400
This philosopher is an idealist empiricist.
Who is Berkeley?
500
According to Locke, these types of qualities do not resemble the real world and are therefore subjective.
What are secondary qualities like color, taste, smell, etc.
500
In order to have a "Personal Identity," Locke states that you must have these two things
What are self awareness and reflection upon that self-awareness.
500
This is Locke's argument against Descartes skepticism about the senses.
What is 'that we need our senses in order to be self-aware enough to disprove the senses.
500
This is Locke's theory of personal identity as reflective self-awareness
What is that the only thing that differs between a person and an animal is that a person is reflectively self-aware. In order to have an identity, it must always be present in the being throughout its existence. This comes with the twist that persons are not substances because there are gaps in which persons are not self-aware: day dreaming, sleeping, etc. This also means that you lose your personal identity if you enter into a coma or lose the mental ability to reflect upon your previous self-awareness.
500
According to Locke, all ideas can be broken down into this.
What are simple ideas.