Plato
What are the levels or reality
Form (idea of object) - God
Craft (physical object) - Carpenter
Image (painting of or poetry about object) - Painter
What is a tragedy
the dramatic enactment of an action that is serious complete and of a certain magnitude
arouses fear and pity in the audience toward a catharsis
what is the principle of individuation
we see world as individuals when really we are all connected (fate, society)
what does shopenhauer think about art
He thinks contemplating art is a way for people to exit the cycle of human suffering
Why is imitation theory under dickie
He tries to make point that no one prior theory of art captures the current status of art as he was writing
what is arts relationship to the truth
its twice removed
How is Aristotle view similar and different from plato
Also saw it as an imitation but Aristotle thought it was positive
What does Apollonian represent? (Friedrich Nietzsche)
rational (god of sun can see all things) clarity presentation, knowledge
what is the cycle of human suffering
desire (for things) -> satisfaction (boredom)
how do we know the status has been conferred
Has certificate High energy bar was only considered art if it had the certificate Accepted into show Judged by artists In an art gallery Being performed on a stage
What are the parts of the soul
Appetites (irrational)
Aggression (irrational)
Rational (logic, calculation, computation)
why do humans enjoy tragedy
we get emotional connections and experiences without consequences
How are Dionysian and Apollonian related to tragedy? (Friedrich Nietzsche)
Apollonian thinks they know what they are doing
Dionysian - the thing that light is being shed on, what is actually going on (the literal story that happened)
Apollonian (representative arts) + Dionysian (embrace of fate) = birth of tragedy
what is the "will"
irrational force behind all things
what is the classification argument?
If art can be defined, then all art must share at least one common characteristic Best option is that it is human made (artifactuality)
Why can art be bad for the soul
It appeals to the weak irrational parts of the soul, then we cant use reason to contemplate it, so we cant get to the truth, so we follow bad examples
(feeds irrational part of the soul by bypassing the rational part
What do fear and pity have to do with art?
they are the emotions that are supposed to be released by the audience at the end of a tragedy (catharsis)
What does dionysian represent
irrational life force (dark faithful component) becoming one with nature one with group (could lead to pagan rituals, sports groups chanting ), fate, nature, etc.
What does plato's "idea" have to do with (Schopenhauer)?
(Schopenhauer) believes art is the only activity that can get to the "idea" (truth/essence)
What is the institutional theory of art?
Institutional Definition (closest answer i could find not sure aht hes looking for)
An artifact
A set of aspects of which has conferred upon it the status of candidate for appreciation by some person or persons acting on behalf of a certain social institution (the artworld) Acting on behalf of institution Conferring of status Being a candidate Certain aspects of work put forth for appreciation Not all, think back of painting Appreciation Find object worthy/valueable (perhaps) Must have minimal worthiness
Not a romantic definition
Good classificatory definition Hard to find a existing work of art that does not meet these conditions
How do you arrive at the form
contemplate something
What is the ideal plot structure?
1. main character commits irreversible action based on a misunderstanding or a character flaw
2. has reversal or change in the fortune of main character
3. has main character later recognize their error
4. some form of irreversible suffering
Death of Tragedy as missing Dionysian element
Euripides wants to make tragedy reasonable (which is bad)
Tragedy - Dionysian = Apollonian moralizing (death of tragedy)
What is different about music
Music reaches directly into the soul, and manipulates/moves us
Most art is a copy of the will, but music is a copy of the movement of the will
There is no mediation in music Most arts objectify the will indirectly by the way of ideas
what is the generalization argument?
Generalization art as opposed to subgroup such as tragedy, novel, painting, etc.
If we had tried to define painting as a copy of objects, we would be wrong
If art can be defined, then each one of its sub-concepts (painting, music, novels, etc.) must be definable (limits)
But arts sub-concepts do not have definite limits
Therefor art cannot be defined