Modern Philosophy
He famously wrote, "Cogito, ergo sum," meaning "I think, therefore I am"
Who was René Descartes?
Moral entitlement / Opposite of 'left'
What is right? (Ethics / Directions)
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle all lived in this Greek city-state
What is Athens?
The set of faculties responsible for all mental phenomena
What is mind?
Attacking the person instead of the argument being given
What is ad hominem?
This Scottish philosopher is known for his skeptical views on causality
Who was David Hume?
Valid argument with (actually) true premises / Vibration detectable by the ear
What is sound? (Logic / Audiology)
William James, John Rawls, and Henry David Thoreau are a few of this country's philosophers
What is the United States?
What separates organisms from inorganic matter, involving processes like growth and reproduction
What is life?
Distortion of an argument that makes it easier to attack
What is straw man?
He is renowned for his deontological system of ethics, stemming from the 'categorical imperative'
Who was Immanuel Kant?
Opposite of 'abstract' / Building material made of water, aggregate, and cement
What is concrete? (Metaphysics / Construction)
Russell and Wittgenstein first met at Trinity University, a constituent college of this prestigious university (in the U.K.)
What is the University of Cambridge?
An ethical principle that is considered standard within a particular society
What is norm?
Assumption that qualities of a whole must apply to each of its parts
What is division?
This Dutch philosopher is often associated with his pantheistic view of God
Who was Baruch Spinoza?
Thing that's existence is independent of all else / Drug that can be depended on
What is substance? (Metaphysics / Psychology)
St. Anselm, best known for his cosmological argument for the existence of God, was born in this European country
What is Italy?
Often thought of as the immaterial 'essence' of a person: that which allows them to survive physical death
What is soul?
Use of the conclusion as a premise in an argument; a circular argument
What is begging the question?
This Genevan philosopher, author of "The Social Contract," argued that we should surrender our freedom for the 'common good'
Who was Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
Argument with true premises that (necessarily) lead to a true conclusion / Measure of how accurate results are
It is believed that the Buddha was born in this east Asian country, around 566 BCE
What is Nepal?
Nietzsche believed that the _ to power is the fundamental driving force behind human actions
What is will?
Presuming that a relationship between two things means that one is necessarily the cause of the other
What is false cause?