Metaphysics & Reality
What is the view that all things can be reduced to one substance or principle?
What is monism?
What is the name for knowledge that is independent of experience?
What is a priori knowledge?
What is Descartes’ famous phrase that anchors his theory of consciousness?
What is “I think, therefore I am”?
What ethical theory is based on doing the greatest good for the greatest number?
What is utilitarianism?
This philosopher was Socrates’ student and wrote The Republic.
Who is Plato?
Which ancient paradox challenges the idea of permanence using a ship that is gradually rebuilt?
What is the Ship of Theseus?
What theory of truth holds that a statement is true if it matches reality?
What is the correspondence theory?
What theory says mental states are defined by their function, not their internal makeup?
What is functionalism?
Who developed the Categorical Imperative?
Who is Immanuel Kant?
This thinker believed that “esse est percipi”—to be is to be perceived.
Who is George Berkeley?
Which philosopher believed in “noumena” and “phenomena” as two levels of reality?
Who is Immanuel Kant?
Which philosopher believed knowledge comes from experience, and the mind is a blank slate?
Who is John Locke?
Which philosopher argued for bundle theory, denying a permanent self?
Who is David Hume?
What ethical position claims that morality depends on cultural or personal beliefs?
What is relativism?
This Stoic philosopher taught that we should control what we can and accept what we cannot.
Who is Epictetus?
Which theory claims that universals exist independently of particular objects?
What is realism (Problem of Universals)?
What is Karl Popper’s principle that separates science from pseudoscience?
What is falsifiability?
What is the debate over whether identity is based on having the same body, brain, or soul?
What is the problem of personal identity?
What is the term for acting selflessly for the benefit of others?
What is altruism?
This German philosopher proposed the master-slave dialectic and absolute knowing.
Who is Hegel?
What is the theory that time is just a dimension like space, and all points in time equally exist?
What is Eternalism (Block Universe Theory)?
What is the name of the theory that knowledge is “justified true belief”?
What is the traditional definition of knowledge?
Which view claims the mind and body are two separate substances?
What is dualism?
Which theory says that actions are morally right if commanded by God?
What is Divine Command Theory?
This Enlightenment skeptic argued we can’t know causality through reason alone.
Who is David Hume?