Module 13: Ways of Knowing
This philosopher’s rationalist approach emphasized objectivity and detachment in medicine.
Who is René Descartes?
The Essentialist view argues medicine’s goals are derived from where?
What is from the values inherent in medical practice?
Who was the Naturalist (biomedical) thinker that created the "Biostatistic Theory" of defining health & disease?
Who is Christopher Boorse?
This report, published in 1979, became foundational in research ethics alongside Principles of Biomedical Ethics.
What is the Belmont Report?
The practice of listening to patients’ illness stories is known as this.
What is narrative medicine?
The Social Constructionist view holds that medicine’s purposes are shaped by these.
What are cultural and social factors?
A downside of medicalization is that it has the ability to be this oppressive means of control.
What is weaponized?
Robert M. Veatch proposed this model to put patients and physicians on equal moral footing.
What is the Triple Contract?
According to Edmund Pellegrino, physicians must turn to this field to find meanings medical science alone cannot give.
What are the humanities?
The Hastings Center Report lists this as one of medicine’s four goals.
What is relief of suffering? (other valid: prevention/health promotion, cure/care, peaceful death)
What is one of the social determinants of health?
What is social & community context? (other valid: education access & quality, healthcare & quality, neighborhood & built environment, or economic stability)
This founder of the Hastings Center envisioned bioethics as interdisciplinary dialogue.
Who is Daniel Callahan?
In Module 13, Dr. Richard Weinberg’s case of chronic abdominal pain illustrated the importance of this practice.
What is engaging with patient narratives?
Enhancement debates often blur the line between treatment and this.
What is making people “better than well”?
This distinction separates objective pathology from the subjective lived experience of being unwell.
What is disease vs. illness?
This thinker argued physicians should explain therapeutic options and let patients choose.
Who is H. Tristram Engelhardt Jr.?
The difference between rationalist and interpretive knowing can be summed up as “measurement vs. ____.”
What is "meaning"?
A key end-of-life issue is whether death should be defined by the whole brain or this criterion.
What is higher brain death?
This pathography writer wrote of his lived experience with depression in hope of educating people on the severity of the illness.
Who was William Styron?
Beauchamp and Childress introduced these four guiding principles in bioethics.
What are autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice?