Philosophers
One of the earliest philosophers of the Western tradition, he coined metaphysical dualism.
Who is Plato?
This term refers to arguments from reason, which do not require experiential evidence.
All arguments are made up of this word for a declarative sentence.
What is a proposition?
These two views underlie most debates in metaphysics, the first referring to the belief in a single reality and the second to two simultaneous realities.
What are monism and dualism?
This philosopher famously doubted everything, eventually establishing the famous "I think, therefore I am" argument.
Who is Rene Descartes?
This term refers to anything whose non-existence is logically impossible.
What is necessary?
The proposition which is being proved by others is known as this.
What is a conclusion?
These two approaches to epistemology are at odds, one arguing that knowledge is innate and one that knowledge comes from experience.
What are rationalism and empiricism?
This philosopher believed that humans are born as tabula rasa, or blank slates, and that all their knowledge is constructed through experience.
Who is John Locke?
This term refers to the ability of humans to choose between genuine metaphysical options.
What is free will?
The propositions which support the conclusion are known as this.
What are premises?
These three approaches form the major camps on the question of free will.
What are libertarianism, determinism, and compatibilism?
These two philosophers posed parallel arguments proving the existence of God, one based on reason and the other on experience.
Who are St. Anselm and Thomas Aquinas?
This type of epistemological problem takes aim at the JTB definition of knowledge by creating scenarios of accidental correctness.
What is the Gettier Problem?
The normal form of an argument looks like this.
The major parts of the cosmological argument for God include these two arguments.
What are the argument from first causes and the argument from contingency?
This philosopher argued against the "strong AI thesis" through his Chinese Room thought experiment.
Who is John Searle?
This grammatical term describes a word or phrase that gives information about another, used in a famous response to the ontological argument for God.
What is a predicate?
These two terms test the accuracy of an argument, the first referring to its logical coherence and the second measuring its closeness to reality.
What are validity and soundness?
This argument relies on multiple realizability to argue that if two systems can produce output based on input, they can be considered equivalent.
What is functionalism?