Dualism
Descartes' dualism consists in mind (res cogitans) and this.
What is the body (res extensa)?
Philosophical behaviorism has its roots in this.
What is psychological behaviorism?
Identity Theory (aka Reductive Materialism) maintains that mental states are just these.
What are physical states of the brain?
This is not just an incomplete depiction of our inner states and activities, rather, according to the Eliminative Materialist, it is more accurately, a full-fledged misrepresentation of these aspects.
What is Folk psychology?
The same mental state can be realized by different physical states.
What is multiple realizability?
This argument is translated from, "I think, therefore I am."
What is the cogito argument?
This is demonstrated via your behavior.
What is consciousness?
The old theory explained in new terms.
What is inter-theoretic reduction?
Similar to what we had with the scientific revolution, sometime in the very near future, we will have to do this to the older framework of the mind.
What is eliminate it and replace it with a newer, more matured neuroscience?
Functionalism maintains that mental states are identified by what they do rather than by this.
What is, what they are made of"
In Cartesian dualism, it is the "res cogitans." Often associated with the soul.
What is the mind?
When one attributes something from one class or group into a different class or group of which the attribution does not belong.
What is a category-mistake?
The difference between necessary statements and contingent statements is that contingent statements simply depend on their truth, whereas necessary definitions are this.
What is true by definition?
Rorty believes if we just formed a habit of using neurological terms—whatever those may be—they would just be subsumed under this new language.
What is scientific language (language EM favors)?
What Putnam calls a system...it is like a Turing Machine.
What is a "Probabilistic Automaton"?
This experiment, Descartes argued, demonstrated that the object was the same throughout because it was "clear and distinct to his mind."
What is the wax experiment?
“The dogma of the Ghost in the Machine," says Gilbert Ryle, "maintains that there exists both bodies and this.
What are minds?
U.T. Place argues, the cloud just is the mass of droplets or other particles in suspension. If we did draw the conclusion that there must be two separate things, we’d be guilty of committing this mistake.
What is a category mistake?
Any one of the three benefits to humanity EM's (specifically, Churchland) cites re: the importance of the theory.
What are (1) mental illness, (2) the factors involved in learning, (3) the neural basis of emotions, intelligence, and socialization?
Each instruction of a particular Turing Machine is deterministic. Given the internal state and the symbol being scanned, the next immediate operation is wholly and uniquely determined. But the operations of this are not, they are in-deterministic.
What is a Universal Turing Machine (UTM)? (A probabilistic automaton is equally acceptable.)
In between the second and third level of doubt, Descartes ponders this discipline as a possible foundation, before dismissing it.
What is mathematics?
Ryle says that the “chief intellectual origins” of the category-mistake go back to Descartes who was facing the conflicting motives as a man of science, on the one hand, and this on the other.
What is a religious man?
According to UT Place, this is the mistaken idea where the descriptions of the appearances of things are descriptions of the actual state of affairs existing in a mysterious internal environment.
What is the ‘phenomenological fallacy’?
Rorty says, “sensation-discourse might go the way of demon-discourse…losing its reporting role as well as its explanatory role…and that these roles might be taken over by reference to these kinds of processes.
What are brain-processes?
Philosopher who said: "I propose the hypothesis that pain, or the state of being in pain is a functional state of a whole organism."
Who is Hilary Putnam?