Skepticism
Define Skepticism
The claim that we do not have knowledge
What is the source of knowledge according to rationalism?
Reason
What is the source of knowledge according to empiricists?
experience
Define Constructivism
“Rational-Empiricism”: Both reason and experience play a role in constructing our knowledge
“Critical Philosophy”
Who wrote the Allegory of the cave?
Plato
What are the two types of skeptics and their beliefs?
Universal: we have no knowledge
Limited: we have some knowledge. They focus skeptical doubts on specific knowledge claims.
What are the three anchor points of rationalism?
•Reason is the primary or most superior source of knowledge about reality
•Sense experience is an unreliable and inadequate route to knowledge
•The fundamental truths about the world can be known a priori: They are either innate or self-evident to our minds
What are the 3 anchor points of empiricism?
The only Source of Genuine Knowledge is Sense Experience
Reason is an unreliable route to knowledge unless it stems from sense experience
There is no evidence of innate ideas within the mind that are known apart from experience
Who was the main philosopher we focused on for Constructivism and why is he famous?
Revolutionized the theory of knowledge by:
Critiquing both Empiricism and Rationalism
Revising how we think about knowledge
His philosophy determined pre-Kantian or post- Kantian thought
Belief, Truth, and Justification are part of...?
Tripartite of Knowledge
How does the skeptic prove that knowledge is false?
Give an example from the Prestige
prove one of the conditions of knowledge false.
-magicians figuring out each other's tricks
-stunt doubles.
-decoding the diary.
What is the rationalist critique of empiricism. Give an example using the matrix?
your senses can deceive you.
downloading abilities, believing experience in matrix is real.
What is the empiricist critique of rationalism?
You cannot sit there and reason about the world. Humans are born with a blank slate all knowledge and reason stems from experience
What was the main critique of Rationalism?
Stepping out one’s own experience cannot be done.
Kant accused rationalist of trying to know reality beyond our experience
What did the shadow's represent in the Allegory of the Cave?
what did the cave people think it was, what was it really?
"False Reality"
creatures vs. shadow's
What is the theme of the skeptic?
Certainty is necessary for there to be knowledge, and if doubt is possible, then we do not have certainty.
What is the name of the main philosopher we focused on for Rationalism?
Socrates
What was the name of the main philosopher we focused on for Empiricsim
Aristotle
What is the critique of Empiricism?
No collection of particular experiences could ever provide universal claims about all possible experiences
What is epistemology? What are the theories of knowledge that go along with it?
The theory or search for knowledge
-Skepticism, Rationalism, Empiricism, Constructivism
Based on the idea behind "The theme of the skeptic" give an example of a skeptic explanation in the Prestige"
-The wife of the Bordon's suspects her husband is not who he is.
What did Socrates say about where our knowledge is.
We have knowledge deep within us (innate ideas)
what does Aristotle say about reality concerning the idea of Empiricism
Our knowledge does represent reality as it really is.
Give an example of Constructivism in Inception
What is the Justification Condition? Give an example Explain Cobb's search for knowledge using elements from the Justification Condition
Belief, truth, and justification are necessary conditions of knowledge.
-determining if he is in reality or not
-determining if his wife is real or not
-convincing others they are in a dream