General Theory
Which theory of justice/school of thought treats equality as the chief value of a just political system?
Egalitarianism
Finish the quote: “I think…”
bonus 50 points - who said it?
“…therefore I am” (René Descartes)
Who believed that “we” killed God?
Friedrich Nietzsche
The sentence “This statement is a lie” is an example of what?
A paradox
A ship sets sail for a long journey. Throughout the course of the journey, the parts of the ship break and are repaired with identical parts. Eventually, all parts of the ship are replaced. Is it the same ship? In this thought experiment - which ancient hero is the ship said to belong to?
Bonus - who originally proposed this thought experiment?
Theseus
Plutarch - in “Life of Theseus”
Which ethical theory emphasizes relationships, empathy, and responsiveness to needs over impartial and abstract rules or principles?
Care ethics
Who said: “Act only according to that maxim whereby you can, at the same time, will that it should become a universal law.”
Immanuel Kant
Which philosopher uses the pen name Johannes de Silentio?
Bonus: What philosophical work was published under this pseudonym?
Søren Kierkegaard
Fear and Trembling
What is modus ponens?
If P then Q. P, therefore, Q
Who famously argued it would be morally wrong to lie to a murderer at your door asking where your friend (who is in your house) is?
Immanuel Kant
Soft determines argues determinism is compatible with what?
bonus - what is determinism?
Free will/ freedom in human action/ moral responsibility
Determinism argues that everything that occurs in the world occurs as a result of prior causal conditions, and there is only one possible way for all events to occur.
Who said: “Gender is not a noun, but a verb, it is something that one does.”
Judith Butler
Who defends (flexible) veganism, affective altruism, and (in some cases) infanticide on the basis of utilitarianism? (250 points)
What does he claim we should maximize? (50 points)
Peter Singer, preference satisfaction
Sarah concludes from the statement “nothing is better than ice cream” that she should not eat ice cream since “nothing is better.” What logical mistake has Sarah made?
Equivocation
Which epistemological theory is Frank Jackson’s ‘Mary’s Room’ thought experiment intended to critique?
Physicalism
Which philosophical problem questions the predictions we make about unobserved things on the basis of our previous observations?
Bonus - which philosopher proposed this? What example did they use?
Problem of Induction - Hume - The sun rising tomorrow
Who said: “Everything has been figured out, except how to live.”
Jean-Paul Sartre
Who held that men stereotyped women as the “Other” in order to provide an excuse for not understanding them and their problems and, therefore, not be required to help them
Simone de Beauvoir
“If it is raining, then I will need an umbrella today. I need an umbrella today; therefore, it is raining.” What logical mistake is present in this argument?
Affirming the consequent
What principle is John Searle’s “Chinese Room” thought experiment intended to demonstrate the insufficiency of?
The Turing Test for machine intelligence
What are the four senses of alienation described by Marx and Engels?
Alienation from 1) product 2) act of production 3) species-being 4) other people
Finish the quote: “Man is the microcosm:..."
bonus 50- who said it?“…I am my world” (Ludwig Wittgenstein)
Which historical figure was described as “the world-soul on horseback,” and which early modern philosopher came up with this phrase?
Napoleon; GWF Hegel
bonus question: What was Hegel’s full name?
What is a reductio ad absurdum, and how can a philosopher respond when this objection is made against their theory?
“reduced to absurdity”/absurd implications of a theory; bite the bullet
Which two philosophers are credited for the trolley problem and its common derivatives?
Philippa Foot and Judith Thomson