Chinese Philosophy
According to Xunzi, this refers to our basic, passive, innate mental tendencies in response to stimuli
What is human nature?
The term for argument by refutation, used in Socrates' search for the definition of virtue
What is Socratic elenchus?
This describes objective human flourishing over a life's entirety
What is eudaimonia?
There is suffering; there is the origination of suffering; there is cessation of suffering; there is a path to the cessation of suffering
What are the Four Noble Truths?
The non-corporeal cause of nature that acts through everyone all the time
What is the Necessarily Existent?
According to Xunzi, this describes the objective moral order built into the universe, especially in terms of social roles
What is the Way?
A kind of "human" wisdom whereby one is knowledgeable of their lack of knowledge
What is Socratic ignorance?
These are deliberately choosing states, lie in a relative mean between two vices, and are as a practically wise person would define them
What are virtues of character?
This concept indicates that there is nothing intrinsic to anything and independent of everything else
What is emptiness?
This form of meditation induces dizziness to lose touch with the world, creating the ecstatic state, which allows for insight into the divine
What is whirling?
According to Zhuangzi, this person has superseded the human Dao and linguistic understanding, living freely in harmony with the Dao and embracing it
Who is the Sage?
This makes the intelligible world knowable and gives it being
What is the Form of the Good?
Practical wisdom, craft knowledge, scientific knowledge, understanding, and theoretical wisdom
What are the virtues of thought?
According to the Nyāya, this substance is eternal, underlies our mental states, and is recognized through inference
This fate is reserved for those who recognize the divine but instead focus on their bodily needs
What is hell?
According to Xunzi, this is a person who recognizes that there is a distinction between right and wrong but is not moved to be good, just to appear good
Who is the petty man?
This faculty corresponds with the highest segment of Plato's line, where the Forms are understood by themselves
What is understanding?
For a human being, this cause explains the organization of their flesh and bones, including the capacities of their soul
What is the formal cause?
According to Vasubandhu, this is the ultimate nature of reality, achieved when we rise above imagined nature and embrace the mind-dependence of everything
What is the consummate nature?
The immortal, non-bodily, non-material faculty that allows one to know the divine
What is the True Self?
According to Xunzi, through deliberate effort, this faculty can transform one's human nature
What is the heart-mind?
The process by which we make hypotheses about how to understand things, ultimately enabling us to reach an unhypothetical first principle
What is Platonic dialectic?
This doctrine states that every substance is a compound of form and matter
What is hylomorphism?
According to Vasubandhu, this induces in us the illusion of ordinary objects
What is root consciousness?
The quiescent persistence of the soul
What is the fate of dumb animals?