Phonemic Awareness & Phonics
Define phonemic awareness.
The ability to manipulate phonemes in spoken words.
What materials do you need to teach 2-4 "pocket children?"
Each students needs a different practice set of letters kept in the teacher’s pockets for students who need more repeated practice with 5 learned sounds and 1 new one at a time. The teacher can use notecards on a small ring.
Spelling words is more difficult that reading them. True or false?
True!
Describe how to generate a word web
Use a base word in the center and practice word building and switching out affixes by connecting words to the center bubble. i.e. cry, cried, crying etc.
How many phonemes, graphemes, and morphemes are in the word cat?
What vowel sounds should be taught first?
Short vowel sounds
Don't allow students to blend with a "what" sound?
A schwa sound. It will confuse them when trying to blend the word correctly.
What are the 7 syllable types?
open, closed, vowel consonant e, consonant le, vowel teams, diphthongs, r-controlled vowels
A collection of 20 prefixes accounts for 97% of all word prefixes. What four prefixes account for 58% of all words with prefixes?
un, re, in, and dis
How many morphemes are in the word unwillingness? How many syllables?
4 /un/ /will/ /ing/ /ness/ Also 4 syllables
Why is phonemic awareness important?
Children need it to be able to identify and manipulate phonemes and to be skilled at phonics. Good phonemic awareness abilities predict later reading achievement.
Why should one not teach letter sounds alphabetically?
Because letters that are commonly confused and reversed are near each other such as b and d. Teach commonly confused concepts at least a few weeks apart.
What are the 3 great spelling rules?
spelling rules for adding suffixes: dropping the silent e, doubling a consonant, and changing y to i (drop, double, or change)
We should teach students about English morphemes and begin with the most common affixes and 16 suffixes account for 87% of all words suffixes. What 3 common suffixes would it be reasonable to begin with?
es/s, ing, and ed
Do syllable lines always match up with morphemic lines?
No.
Should you test students on letter sounds sequentially or non-sequentially? Why?
Non-sequentially, so you know they know the individual letters and are not just reciting the alphabet.
Explain the teaching strategy word building.
Use letter cards to blend words with children, but change one phoneme each time to build a new word. Blend and ask the child what the new word is. Examining minimal parts, one sound changing the whole word i.e. tan to ran or cat to sat.
What are the steps for the BEST strategy of decoding multisyllabic words?
Break apart the word, Examine each part and underline the vowels, Say each part aloud, Try the whole thing in context
Teach students to find short words in longer words. This instruction can reasonably begin with what kind of simply constructed words?
Compound words such as "football"
Which spelling rule applies to why we change "run" to "running" when adding a suffix?
The doubling rule for adding a suffix
Letter by letter decoding (synthetic phonics) enables the transfer of...what?
Decoding skills to words that have not been taught
What three things must phonics instruction be?
Systematic, explicit, and code-based
What are the steps for the DISSECT strategy of decoding multisyllabic words?
Discover the word’s context, Isolate the word’s prefix, Separate the word’s suffix, Say the word’s stem (or base word), Examine the word’s stem, Check with another person, and Try to find the word in a dictionary.
One should teach syllable breaking rules by showing students lists of words that follow one breaking rule at a time such as breaking between what
2 consonants, it is uncommon to split syllables between 2 vowels.
What is the root of each of these words and what language do they originate from?
Phonology, phoneme, telephone, phonograph
The Greek root phon which means sound