Intro to
Phonetics
Phonetics
How many graphemes does the word EASTERN have?
7 graphemes.
List 3 systems of speech?
Respiratory/respiration, Laryngeal/phonation, Supralaryngeal/resonatory, articulation
What are the 3 classifications of consonants?
Place, Manner, Voicing
When you say the phrase "give me that" - how would you produce the casual form? And, what type of coarticulation process is being used?
"gimme that"
Elision - delete the /v/
During this stage of development, the child makes back sounds or syllables.
coo and goo
The smallest unit of language that carries meaning.
Morpheme.
The laryngeal system determines which of the three manners of a phoneme?
voicing
What are 5 of the 7 places of articulation?
Bilabial, labiodental, interdental, alveolar, palatal, velar, glottal
Members of the same phonemic family that vary on production in connected speech
Define the difference between the prelinguistic and linguistic periods
Prelinguistic - vocalizations prior to the first true word
Linguistic - period after the appearance of the first true words
A unit of sound that contains one vowel sound.
A syllable.
Where sound is resonated is determined by what structure?
velum
List 2 out of the three manners of phonemes that are considered OBSTRUENTs.
Obstruent: made with vocal tract airflow partially impeded so that turbulence is produced, or completely blocked
Stops, fricatives, affricates
Phonemes take on the phonetic character of neighboring sounds
Assimilation
What are the earliest classes of sounds to develop?
Stops, nasals, glides
How can we tell if a syllable is stressed?
volume, duration, and pitch
Name 7 active articulators
Cheeks, larynx, lips, mandible, pharynx, velum/soft palate, tongue
What is a cognate pair? Give 2 examples.
A consonant sound that has the same place and manner but one sound is voiced and the other is voiceless (/p,b/, /f,v/, /t,d/, /k,g/)
Define and give an example of EPENTHESIS
Epenthesis: addition of a phoneme to the production of a word
There are 3 main types of phonological processes. Cluster reduction is an example of what main type of phonological process?
Syllable structure
The other two are...
Substitution and Assimilation
What is a coda? Provide an example.
Coda: single consonants or consonant clusters after the nucleus
Name the 3 passive articulators
alveolar ridge, hard palate, teeth
What are the 4 rounded vowels?
/u/ - "oo"
/o/ - "o"
"u with the hooks" as in book
"ah" - backwards c
Define and give an example and VOWEL REDUCTION
Vowel reduction - results because there is not enough time for the articulators to achieve their target positions. Articulators adopt new positions that are still acceptable to the ear
According to Shriberg there are 8 late developing consonants. List 3 of them.
Late - ʃ, ð, θ, s, z, l, r, ʒ