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Linguistic Phonetics & Three Systems of Speech Production
Vowels, Diphthongs, & Consonants
Transcription & Scoring
Phonetic Variation
History of English Sounds
100
A speech production error in which a sound is incorrectly added (before or after) to another sound
What is 'addition'?
100
A high-mid, front, lax, unrounded vowel
What is /I/?
100
The final margin of a syllable, consisting of one or more consonants
What is coda?
100
Variation in the form of language that is associated with the demands of the speaking task and perceptions about the person or people being spoken to
What is stylistic variation?
100
The smallest contrastive linguistic unit which may bring about a change of meaning
What is a phoneme?
200
The study of the structure and function of sounds in language
What is 'phonology'?
200
Alteration of a pure vowel (or monophthong) to a dynamic articulation of changing vowel quality
What is diphthongization?
200
An overall fall in pitch over an utterance such as a sentence
What is sentence declination?
200
A pattern of language usage that is shared by people of similar social class, group, or status
What is a social dialect?
200
The vocabulary of a person, language...word bank
What is a lexicon?
300
Describes a syllable that does not end in a consonant
What is 'open'?
300
A manner of articulation in which the vocal tract is completely closed for some interval, so that airflow ceases
What is a 'stop'?
300
A sound, usually a vowel, made with the tongue position made in the central or mid region of the oral cavity
What is centralized?
300
A pattern of language usage that is shared by people living in a particular geographic area. A language may have several of these.
What is a regional dialect?
300
a set of statements named after Jakob Grimm describing the inherited Proto-Indo-European (PIE) stop consonants as they developed in Proto-Germanic (the common ancestor of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European family) in the 1st millennium BC
What is Grimm's Law?
400
Associated with outflowing air; _____ sounds are formed from an outflowing airstream
What is 'egressive'?
400
A sound made with the tip of the tongue against the back of the upper teeth
What is dentalized?
400
Includes symbols to represent both the speech sounds produced and symbols that describe slight variations in the production of those sounds
What is narrow (close) transcription?
400
A tendency to identify a stimulus, such as a speech sound, as being a member of a particular category. For example, someone who has a __________ to identify fricatives as /s/ would be more likely to identify productions intermediate between /s/ and /sh/ as /s/ as someone who does not have a ____________________.
What is perceptual bias?
400
The language that was important in the reconstruction of Indo-European
What is Sanskrit?
500
The pattern of fundamental frequency and sound duration in speech
What is 'intonation'?
500
Voiceless lingua-velar (dorsal) stop
What is /k/?
500
The highest level of stress in an utterance
What is primary stress?
500
When one language or dialect can be understood by monolingual speakers of another language or dialect, those two languages or dialects are said to be ________________.
What is mutually intelligible?
500
A native grammarian who gave Sanskrit a fixed literary form
What is Panini?