Vowels
What are the 4 descriptors for vowels?
Height, advancement, tenseness, rounding
What are the 3 descriptors for consonants?
Place, manner, and voicing
Cardinal vowels: /i/, /æ/, /u/, and /ɑ/.
The various non-verbal properties of speech that convey information about a speaker’s emotion, attitude, and demeanor.
What is lexical stress?
AKA word stress
The emphasis placed on a specific syllable in a word
(Stress can vary across syllable positions within words)
Why are vowels not described by voicing?
All vowels are voiced
What are the place categories for consonants?
Bilabial, labiodental, interdental, alveolar, palatal, velar, and glottal
(Refer to picture) Which vowel is located where the star is?
/ɔ/
What is the difference between pitch and loudness?
Pitch is the perceptual counterpart of frequency, or how high or how low a sound is. Loudness is the perceived magnitude or strength of a sound.
True or False: The lowest level of stress in an utterance is known as Tertiary Stress
True
True or False: /i, ɪ, e, ɛ, ɑ/ are the front vowels
False. /ɑ/ is the low-back vowel
What is the full consonant description of the sound /b/?
Voiced, bilabial, stop
What vowel has this description?: Mid, back, tense and rounded vowel
/o/
True or False: The rhyme is the beginning of a syllable
False (That's onset)
In the word Photographer, which syllable has primary stress?
Give three differing characteristics between front and back vowels
1. Position of the tongue
2. All front vowels are unrounded, while most back vowels are rounded
3. Most back vowels are tense (besides /ʊ/); more front vowels are lax
Give us 5 examples of a fricative sound
/v/, /f/, /s/, /θ/, /ʒ/, /ð/, /ʃ/, /z/, /h/
Give 3 example words that have the vowel where the star is located (Refer to picture)
Vowel is /æ/
Example words: bad, grad, vat
What is parentese?
Infant directed speech
Characterized by higher pitch, exaggerated intonation, and increased repetition
What is the purpose of contrastive stress?
What are two differences between tense and lax vowels? Give two vowel examples for each.
Tense Vowels - produced with more muscular effort and longer in duration. Ex: /i/ and /u/
Lax Vowels - produced with more relaxed muscle movements and are shorter in duration. Ex: /ɪ/ and /ɛ/
Give 2 allographs for these sounds:
/f/
/r/
/g/
/f/- f, ph
/r/ - rr, wr
/g/ - g, gg
Give an example word for each of the central vowels
/ə/ - About
/ʌ/ - Hub
/ɝ/ - Burn
/ɚ/ - Mother
What is a coda? Give an example
A: The final margin of a syllable, consisting of one or more consonants; Ex: “t” in cat “nd” in strand
Give an example of two words that are spelled the same, but have different meanings due to lexical stress
Record (n)
Record (v)