Consonants and Consonant Patterns
Vowels and Vowel Patterns
Phonological Awareness
Orthographic Conventions
CCP & VVP
Syllables & Mis.
100

Two letters that make one sound. 'sh' in 'ship'

Digraph

100

a speech sound produced without blocking the breath (a, e, i, o, u)

Vowel

100

The process of combining sounds to form words.

Blending

100

When two sounds are produced together in speech, influencing each other.

coarticulation

100

a "c" pronounced as /k/, like in *cat*.

Hard C

100

 a unit of pronunciation that includes a vowel sound

Syllable

200

A basic speech sound in which the breath is at least partly obstructed.

Consonant 

200

an unstressed, neutral vowel sound, the "a" in *sofa*

Shwa

200

The smallest unit of sound in a language.

Phoneme

200

words that are spelled the same but have different meanings or pronunciations, *lead* 

homograph

200

a "g" pronounced as /g/, like in *go*

hard g 

200

ā€™eā€™ at the end of a word that often makes the vowel sound long (e.g. cake)

silent ā€™eā€™

300

a sound produced by a stop followed by a fricative. 'ch' in 'chip'

Affricate

300

a vowel sound that is not clearly long or short, 'ou' in 'could'

Ambiguous Vowel

300

The initial consonant or consonant cluster of a syllable, "b" in *bat*

Onset

300

words that sound the same but have different meanings and spellings, *to*, *too*, *two*

homophone

300

a "c" pronounced as /s/, like in *city

soft c

300

The process of breaking words into syllables

Syllable division

400

Two or more consonants together where each sound is heard. 'bl' in 'blue'

Consonant Blends

400

A complex vowel sound that begins with one vowel and glides into another, 'oy' in 'boy'

Diphthong

400

The ability to recognize and manipulate individual phonemes in spoken words.

Phonemic Awareness

400

A sound occurring in the middle of a word, the "n" in *banana*

medial sound

400

a "g" pronounced as /j/, like in *giraffe*

soft g
400

The emphasis placed on a particular syllable in a word

Syllable stress

500
A common pattern in words. 'cat'

Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Pattern (CVC)

500

a vowel that is pronounced the same as its name, "a" in *cake*

Long Vowel

500

A letter or combination of letters that represent a sound, "igh" in *high*

Phonogram

500

The omission of a sound or syllable in speech, "I'm" from "I am"

Elision

500

when the pronunciation of a vowel changes in related words (e.g., "divine" to "divinity")

vowel alteration
500

breaking words into individual sounds or phonemes (e.g., breaking *cat* into /k/ /a/ /t/)

Segmentation

600

Nasal sounds that occur before a consonant, the 'n' in 'bank'.

Preconsonantal Nasals

600

a vowel followed by "r" that changes its sound, "ar" in *car*

R-Controlled Vowel

600

The broader skill of recognizing and working with sounds in spoken language.

Phonological Awareness

600

The correspondence of sound between words or the endings of words.

Rhyme

600

rules governing changes in vowel sounds in related words.

vowel alteration conventions

600

rules or patterns governing which syllable is stressed in words

Syllable stress conventions

700

Three letters that together form one sound, 'tch' in 'match' 

trigraph

700

Common patterns in which schwa appears in words.

Shwa Patterns

700

The use of phonological information to process language.

phonological processing

700

The part of a syllable that includes the vowel and any following consonants, "at" in *cat*

Rime

700

a pattern where a vowel is followed by a consonant and silent "e" (e.g., *cake*)

vowel-consonant-e pattern