General Chemistry/Facts
The discoverer of P
What is Hennig Brandt in 1669
Source:
“A brief history of phosphorus: From the philosopher’s stone to nutrient recovery and reuse” Ashley et. al., 2011 http://udel.edu/~inamdar/nps2007/Ashley.pdf
The major internal and external sources of P
What is continental weathering and anthropogenic in riverine systems, and internal loading,
source: The Oceanic P Cycle
The 1 natural and 2 radioactive isotopes of P
What is 31P is the most stable and natural
33P (around 25 days beta decay)
32P (around 14 days beta decay)
Source:
The difference between laible and refractory phosphorous
What is laible Phosphorous is more easily released back into the sediment-water interface, where refractory are more resistant and may be buried easier
Source: https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.4319/lo.1992.37.6.1129
This is a waxy solid that glows in the dark and is extremely flammable
What is white phosphorous?
Source:
“A brief history of phosphorus: From the philosopher’s stone to nutrient recovery and reuse” Ashley et. al., 2011 http://udel.edu/~inamdar/nps2007/Ashley.pdf
The oceanic P(dissolved) residence time* there is more to this story*
What is he between 20 and 100 kiloyears.
"But P is extensively cycled within the ocean on much shorter time scales. Specifically, the deepwater P turnover time is similar to the oceanic mixing time of 1500 years while in the surface ocean the turnover time is in the range of 1-3 years or less."Paytan and McLaughlin, 2007
Source:
The important use of isotopes to trace P
What are bacterial organisms use Organic P (OP) for cellular growth and other biological function, when these organisms die they will contribute to the O.P. in the sediment
Sources:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2018.00386/full
The importance to understand the form of Organic Phosphorous (OP) in the sediments
What is OP can be the majority in the sediments and there is still a lot of unknowns on form- but can be released back into the environment
The uses of Phosphorous in chronological order
What is: 1)The Philosopher's Stone (from urine)
2) Medicinal Chemistry
3) Flammable (matches)
4) Limiting Nutrient for Cop Growth
5) Element of War
6)Eutrophication
Source:
"A brief history of phosphorus: From the philosopher’s stone to nutrient recovery and reuse"
Total P burial in sediments and the importance of this
What is 0.3 × 1010 mol/year71 to 34 × 1010 mol/year and a lot of P is released back into the ocean (around 90%).
source
2)https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825200000180
The importance of using radioactive 33-P in ATP to trace uptake of Organic Phosphorous (OP) and then when organisms die OP is released
What is to quantify labile DOP organism uptake, which is influenced by nutrient and temperature conditions
Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2018.00386/full
Global Estimate* of OP burial flux
Phosphorous changes spatially and temporally, so this will look different t/o the year and time
What is ~4.1 x 1010 mols/year?
The % weight of P in Earth's Crust
What is 0.1%
Source: The Oceanic P Cycle https://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/cmoreserver/summercourse/2008/documents/Paytan%20&%20McLaughlin%202007%20Chem%20Rev%20copy.pdf
The percent of Organic P is in sediment
A good isotopic analysis to trace sources of P
The importance of the oxic layer in sediments to organic phosphorous
What is mineralization occurs more rapidly aerobically? This is a big influence on how much P is returned to the water (respiration) and how much escapes this breakdown
Source:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0078323418300642
The key difference between P and other Major elements (C,N, O,H)
What is P does not have a gaseous phase and cannot circulate freely in the atmosphere
Source: The Oceanic P Cycle https://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/cmoreserver/summercourse/2008/documents/Paytan%20&%20McLaughlin%202007%20Chem%20Rev%20copy.pdf
The transformation of organic phosphorous to CFA (Carbonate Flourapatite-P mineral)
What is sediment diagnosis, specifically sink switching?
Basically, the transformation of sediment (in this case P too!) once it becomes deposited. Sink switching is the transformation of OP to Authigenic P (mineral)
Source:
https://e-l.unifi.it/pluginfile.php/845081/mod_resource/content/1/articolo_11.pdf
Other elements/ species that P can bind to. OP is a major fraction of sediment, there are other important fractions.
What is Iron, Authigenic, Detrital, Calcium Carbonate?
Source:
The difference between 31P-NMR and SEDEX Methods
What is SEDEX is appropriate for identifying overall categories P is associated with (i.e., iron minerals and organic Phosphorous)
31P-NMR is a way to delve into the specific species of organic P ( monoesters, diesters, and phosphonates).
This is important when looking into the bioreactivity of different organisms, especially plankton
Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009254117306757
The complex P cycling in marine water and sediments.
This is just to demonstrate how complex P in sediments is and how important it is to study spatially and temporally!
Answer in Google Doc
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1G9kN5Gmx2D0woHZHgbtaBhGEVT4W8ThJXA8BXE8l49E/edit?usp=sharing