Light and Pigments
Where are pigments found?
In the thylakoid of chloroplasts
Where does Carbon Dioxide enter the leaf?
The stomata
What does ETC stand for?
Electron Transport Chain
What are the three names for the Calvin cycle?
Calvin cycle, light independent cycle, dark reaction cycle
What is the balanced equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2+6H2O—> C6H12O6+6O2
How does an electron become excited?
They are hit with a photon
Where can photo system II be found?
Thylakoid Membrane
Electrons move down the electron transport chain due to the ___ ?
Increasing electronegativity
How much G3P remains in this cycle after taking the product out?
5 G3P
What is the difference between something becoming oxidized and something becoming reduced?
Oxidation is when something is gained and reduction is when something is lost
What are the types of pigments in photosynthesis?
Cartenoids, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B
Photo system I and II can be called p ___ and p ___ ?
700 and 680
What 3 things affect the H+ gradient?
Photolysis, H+ pump, H+ in NADPH
What are the products of the Calvin cycle?
9 ADP, 6NADP+, 1 G3P
Where are chloroplasts found?
Mesophyll of leaves
What colour of light does Chlorophyll A absorb?
Blue, violet, red
The lost electron in photosynthesis II is replaced by the ___ ?
Photolysis of water
How are the electrons lost in Photosystem II replaced?
Photolysis of water
What products of the light dependent reactions are required for the Calvin cycle?
ATP and NADPH
What is chemiosmosis?
The production of ATP uses the energy of an H+ ion gradient across the membrane to run ATP synthase
What is the purpose of carotenoids?
They dissipate excess energy that would harm the chlorophyll
The direct energy that drives ATP synthase is ___ ?
Oxidation of NADPH and FADH2
Does the stroma or thylakoid space have a higher concentration of H+ ions?
Thylakoid space
What is regenerated in the Calvin Cycle?
RuBP
How are leaves turning brown related to pigments?
The pigment that reflects brown light are exposed when chlorophylls break down, making the leaf appear brown