Back to the Basics
What is the role of sunlight in photosynthesis?
Sunlight is the source of energy that drives the process of photosynthesis.
What cells surround stomata, and control whether the stomata are open or closed?
What are Chlorophyll pigments responsible for?
Making plant leaves green
What kind of reactions make up the Calvin cycle?
Light-dependent reactions
because they take up oxygen in the light and give out some carbon dioxide
What atmospheric gas does Photosynthesis release?
Oxygen
What cycle occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast?
The Calvin cycle
Which plant-produced pigment, ingested by birds consuming certain plants, is responsible for the vibrant colors observed in the feathers of those birds?
Carotenoids
In the fourth step of the Calvin cycle, carbohydrate synthesis, what is some of the G3P used to produce?
Glucose
What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
Autotrophs: synthesizes their own organic molecules
Heterotrophs: ingests organic molecules.
Photons (light energy) are used to synthesize ________ in photosynthesis.
Glucose (sugars)
How are chloroplasts like mitochondria?
They both make ATP and have their own DNA
Thylakoid membranes have photosystems to capture ________.
Photons
List the 4 steps of the Calvin cycle in order.
1. Carbon fixation
2. Reduction
3. Regeneration
4. Carbohydrate Synthesis
Name the three Alternative Photosynthetic Pathways.
1. C3 photosynthesis
2. C4 photosynthesis
3. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis
How do plants get carbon dioxide for photosynthesis?
Plants get carbon dioxide from the air through tiny pores called stomata, which are present on the surface of leaves.
Which part of the structure of the leaf conducts most photosynthesis and also contains many chloroplasts?
Palisade mesophyll cells
Light-dependent reactions produce the molecules ATP and NADPH. Where does this process occur?
In the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts
Name the step of the Calvin Cycle in which PGA is phosphorylated by ATP and subsequently reduced by NADPH to form glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
Reduction
Why are the stomata of the leaf open during the night?
They are open to let carbon dioxide in
Photosynthetic organisms ‘split’ water molecules to release electrons that can be excited by solar energy. What is this process called?
Photolysis
What part of the structure of the leaf facilitates the movement of gases within the leaf.
Spongy mesophyll cells
According to the first step of Non-cyclic photophosphorylation, what does the "splitting" (photolysis) of water do to protons?
It releases protons into the thylakoid lumen.
Name the step of the Calvin Cycle in which carbon dioxide combines with five-carbon ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) to form six-carbon molecules, which quickly break down into three-carbon phosphoglycerates (PGA).
Carbon fixation
What does C4 photosynthesis produce?
It produces four-carbon oxaloacetate