Energy
Energy stores in chemical bonds of molecules
What is chemical energy?
Process in which light energy is transformed into chemical energy reducing CO2 to glucose.
What is Photosynthesis?
The 4 pigments of plants
What are Chlorophyll A, Chlorophyll B, Carotenoids, and Flavonoids?
This is how many times the cycle must run to get this many glucose molecules
What is 6 time for 1 glucose?
This is the first photosystem in light reactions.
What is Photosystem II?
Types of energy involved
What are kinetic energy and potential energy?
When a pigment absorbs light energy, an electron is raised to an orbital of a higher energy level, and electron goes from ground state to excited state
What are excited electrons?
absorbs blue-violet and red light
What is Chlorophyll A?
This is what the Calvin-Benson Cycle produces
What is G3P?
Re‑excites electrons arriving from PSII. Transfers electrons to NADP⁺ reductase, producing NADPH.
What is the process of photosystem I?
Chemical reactions involving gain or loss of electrons
What are oxidation-reduction reactions?
Light harvesting unit of thylakoid membrane
What is a Photosystem?
absorbs blue and orange light
What is Chlorophyll B?
Energy from the light reactions is transferred to sugar to produce glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate, creating a pool of G3P in the stroma.
What is the Reduction phase?
Splits water (photolysis) → releases O₂, H⁺, and electrons. Sends energized electrons into the electron transport chain (ETC). Helps generate the proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.
What is the process of Photosystem II?
Name the 2 of the 4 reduction forms
What are NADH, NADPH, FADH2, ATP?
Where light reactions occur, what they do, and what they produce.
What is occurring in the thylakoid membranes, use light energy to split water, producing O2, ATP, and NADPH?
Carotenoids absorb this
What is blue-green light?
Carbon from CO2 is attached to a 5 carbon sugar using Rubisco
What is the Carbon fixation phase?
Purpose of the Cytochrome Complex (cytochrome b6f)
What is an electron transport chain carries electrons PSII to PSI? What aids in pumping H+ ions across membrane?
Name 2 of the 4 Oxidation forms
What are NAD+, NADP+, FAD, ADP/AMP?
Where carbon fixation reactions occur, what it uses, and what it makes.
What is occurs in the stroma, carbon of CO2, ATP, NAPDH are used to make sugar molecules?
Flavonoids absorb this
What is ultraviolet light?
Describe the regeneration phase
What is some glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate from the stroma pool & ATP is used to remake RUBP for the cycle to continue, while the remaining G3P is used to make sugars?
Purpose of ATP synthase complex.
What passively pumps H+ ions across to produce ATP?