Chloroplasts
What is a chloroplast?
An organelle where photosynthesis takes place
Where do light-independent reactions take place?
In the stroma
Where do light dependent reactions take place?
In the thylakoid
What are autotrophs?
Organisms that use energy from the sun or inorganic substances to make organic substances
What are heterotrophs?
Organisms that get energy from food instead of directly from sunlight; they cannot make their own food.
Where are chloroplasts located?
In the cytoplasm of plant cells
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide and Water (CO2)(H2O)
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2+6H2O+ —(light energy + enzymes)—> C6H12O6+6O2
What is the stroma?
The substance and area in the chloroplasts where the light independent reaction takes place
What are thylakoids?
Small discs within a chloroplast where light is absorbed by chlorophyll and where light dependent reactions take place
What is the main pigment that absorbs light within the thylakoid?
Chlorophyll (specifically chlorophyll a)
What are the products of light dependent reactions?
O2 (oxygen), NADPH, and ATP
What are the products of light independent reactions?
C6H12O6 (glucose), ADP, and NADP+
What is photosynthesis?
The process where autotrophs convert light energy into chemical energy
What is another name for light-independent reactions?
The Calvin cycle
How many membranes do chloroplasts have?
Three
What are the reactants of light independent reactions?
CO2 (carbon dioxide), ATP, and NADPH
What are the reactants of light dependent reactions?
H2O (water), NADP+, and ADP
What is the law of conservation of energy?
A scientific law stating that energy is never created or destroyed. (It is just changed in form)
What are stacks of thylakoids called?
Grana
What color are chloroplasts not very efficient at absorbing?
Green
What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis? (List at least two)
Light intensity, temperature, CO2 levels, and availability of water
Do light dependent reactions or light independent reactions take place first?
Light dependent reactions
What are accessory pigments? (Bonus for naming one)
Pigments that assist in absorbing energy that chlorophyll does not. (Anthocyanins, carotenoids, and xanthophylls)
What are stomata?
Stomata are small pores on the surface of leaves that let plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen and water vapor