Motive and Phrase
Vocabulary
Sentence or Period
Period Structures
Phrase Diagrams
100
What is a motive?
a group of notes with distinctive rhythmic or pitch content which is developed in significant ways throughout a composition. Class 1.
short, recurring musical figure consisting of a characteristic rhythmic or pitch pattern, identifiable throughout a composition or a musical section. HiC.
100
the following defines ______:
music is grouped into units with varied melodic, rhythmic and harmonic functions and relationships. Class 1.
form
100
What is the difference between a period and a sentence?
Any of the following answers are acceptable:
- A sentence is usually 1 phrase while a period is usually 2 phrases that share an antecedent-consequent relationship.
- A sentence usually contains 1 cadence (at the end of the phrase) while a period usually contains 2 (at the end of each phrase).
- In a sentence, the basic idea is immediately repeated within the first phrase. In a period, the basic idea is followed with a contrasting idea within the first phrase.
100
What is the difference between a contrasting and parallel period?
What is the difference between a modulating and non-modulating period?
What is the difference between a symmetrical and asymmetrical period?
In a parallel period, the two phrases share the same melodic material, whereas in a contrasting period they do not.
A modulating period shifts to a new key while the non-modulating period stays in the same key.
The phrases in a symmetrical period are equal in length while the phrases in an asymmetrical period are not.
100
Create a phrase diagram that demonstrates a three-phrase period that has equal phrase lengths. Include a key, measure numbers, phrase labels, antecedent-consequent relationships, and cadences including their roman numerals.
One possible answer:
200
Identify 3 motives (melodic or rhythmic) in the following example. Ludvig von Beethoven, Piano Sonata No. 1 in F Minor, Op. 2 No. 1: I. Allegro, mm. 1-30
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G8yuCJGWS20&t=0s
- ascending arpeggio
- sixteenth note triplet
- descending scale
- 3 eighth notes
200
the following defines ______:
an end of a phrase that overlaps with the beginning of the next phrase. HiC.
ellision
200
Is the following a sentence or period? Ludvig von Beethoven, Piano Sonata No. 1 in F Minor, Op. 2 No. 1: I. Allegro, mm. 1-8.
Sentence
200
How many phrases are in a double period?
How many phrases are in a repeated period?
What is the difference between a double period and repeated period?
There are 4 phrases in a double period.
There are 4 phrases in a repeated period.
A double period contains one strong cadence at the end while the repeated period has an internal strong cadence after the second phrase in addition to the strong cadence at the end. A repeated period is a repeated 2-phrase period.
200
What letters should be assigned to the following phrases?
Stephen Foster, “Gentle Annie”
https://youtu.be/wd6jGSSAqsQ?si=UFlyIwL-_mRPCeHI
“a1” and “a2”
300
Identify 1 motive from the following example. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Piano Sonata, K. 331, I, mm. 1-8
https://youtu.be/FZ1mj9IaczQ?si=osSfsbE7Ib9SkCHP
dotted eight, sixteenth, eighth
300
The following defines ______:
a complementary relationship between the phrases within a period structure. Class 2.
hint: an example of this would be a period whose first phrase ends in a HC and the second ends in a PAC.
antecedent-consequent relationship
300
What phrase structure is an antecedent-consequent found?
What are the conclusive cadences? What are the inconclusive cadences?
In a period, the phrase ending with the less conclusive cadence is called the “antecedent” and the phrase ending with the more conclusive cadence is called the “consequent.”
Conclusive Cadences = PAC & Plagal
Inconclusive Cadences = HC, IAC, DC
300
Describe the shown period structure using at least two labels.
- parallel
- non-modulating
- symmetrical
- antecedent-consequent
300
Create a phrase diagram for the following musical example: Amy Beach, “Oh Were My Love Yon Lilac Fair!” from Twenty-Three Songs, op. 43, no. 3, mm. 3-10. Include key, measure numbers, phrase labels, antecedent-consequent relationships, and cadences including their roman numerals. What kind of period is this?
best version available on online textbook
euphonium solo version https://youtu.be/6bh2MqUCQcs?si=06UkGVadXoB3q4At
See diagram. parallel; non-modulating; symmetrical
400
Can a sentence occur within a period?
Yes
Example: Beethoven Sonatina in F Major, mvt. 2, mm. 1-16
400
The following defines _______:
a group of two or more phrases that do not end on a strong cadence (IAC or PAC).
phrase group
400
Is the following a sentence or period?
Joseph Haydn, Piano Sonata in F Major, Hob. XVI:9, III. Scherzo, mm. 1-8
https://youtu.be/hmu-6FJT5Bw?si=eh2jILz8eponG7c4
Period
400
Describe the shown period structure using at least two labels.
contrasting
non-modulating
asymmetrical
400
Create a phrase diagram for the following music example: W.A. Mozart Sonata in F Major, K. 332, I, mm. 1-12. Include key, measure numbers, phrase labels, antecedent-consequent relationships, and cadences including their roman numerals. What kind of period is this?
https://youtu.be/DK_owDX5WOE?si=7jCeWHP_YE3NaNGN
contrasting; non-modulating; asymmetrical
500
A statement response occurs when a motive __ ________ __ _________ _____ ______.
is repeated at different tonal levels
500
The following defines _______:
a period whose phrases are not the same length. HiC.
asymmetrical period
500
Q: Is the following a sentence or period?
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Piano Sonata, K. 331, I, mm. 1-4
https://youtu.be/FZ1mj9IaczQ?si=osSfsbE7Ib9SkCHP
Sentence
Don’t be confused! mm. 1-4 creates a sentence. mm. 1-8 creates a period.
500
Describe the overall period structure using one label.
Double Period
500
Q: Create a phrase diagram for the following musical example: Beethoven Piano Sonata, Op. 53, I mm. 34-49. Include key, measure numbers, phrase labels, antecedent-consequent relationships, and cadences including their roman numerals. What kind of period is this?
https://youtu.be/lbblMw6k1cU?si=olwd8QiFYHJJhqMF&t=52
repeated period
