phenotypic and genetic similarities due to shared ancestry
What is homology
100
approach to systematics in which organism are placed into groups called clades
What is cladistics
100
representation of the branch length of the tree
What is the number of changes that have taken place
100
they are unicellular
What is prokaryotes
100
where the chromosome is located
What is nucleoide
200
our understanding of phylogeny
what is molecular systematics
200
consists of an ancestral species and all of its descendants
What is monophyletic
200
amount of ways to arrange 50 species
What is 3x10^76
200
plants and fungi
What is eukaryotes
200
smaller rings of independently replicating DNA molecules
What is plasmids
300
convergent evolution
this occurs when similar environmental pressures and natural selection produce similar adaptation in organisms from different evolutionary lineages.
300
consists of an ancestral species and some of its descendants
What is paraphyletic
300
another name for parsimony principle
What is Occam's razor
300
polymer composed of modified sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides.
What is peptidoglycan
300
a single prokaryotic cell divides into 2 cells, whcih then divide into 4. 8. 16. and so on.
What is binary fission
400
similarity between two species that is due to convergent evolution
What is analogy
400
some of its members have different ancestors
What is polyphyletic
400
we can predict that features shared by two groups of closely related organisms are present in their common ancestor unless independent data indicate otherwise
What is phylogenetic bracketing
400
developed by nineteenth-century Danish physician Hans Christian Gram
What is Gram stain
400
can divide every 20 minutes under ideal lab conditions and is used as a model organism
What is Escherichia coli
500
analogous structures that arose independently
What is homoplasies
500
hair is a character shared by all mammals but not found in their ancestor
What is a shared derived character
500
more genetic changes have taken place here than any other lineage