Phylum Chordata
1. What is a jawless fish?
2. What is a cartilaginouse fish?
3. What is a bony fish?
1. A jawless fish has a long tube-like body, a round mouth with teeth, their skeletons are made of cartilage, they don't have scales, and they are very few species of them.
2. A cartilaginous fish has a skeleton made up of cartilage, their scales are sharp and rough and their teeth evolved from scales.
3. A bony fish has a skeleton made up of bony tissue, their scales are covered in slimy mucus and water can slide easily over their bodies when they swim. (95% of fish).
1. What does a Sea Cucumber's tube feet help with?
2. How many sides do Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars have on their bodies?
1. Movement, feeding, and laying on the ocean floor.
2. Two, the top and the bottom.
1. What does a echyno mean in Greek?
2. What does derm mean in Latin?
1. Spiny.
2. Skin.
Are Echinoderms able to regenerate most of their body parts?
Yes.
1. There are two types of organisms within Kingdom Animalia: Vertebrates and Invertebrates. Which one do porifera fall into
2. Sponges are simple organisms. Do they have organs or tissues?
1. Invertebrates.
2. No
What is the term that we use for cold-blooded for fish?
Fish are ecotherms, also known as cold-blooded their internal body temperature changes based on the surrounding temperature.
1. What do Sea Cucumbers do on the ocean floor?
2. Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars have how many rays?
1. The scavenge for food while I'm the ocean floor, and their waste is cleaner than what they eat.
2. 5, or multiples of five, but sometimes they do have a different amount of rays.
Are Echinoderms vertebrates or invertebrates, what do they have instead?
Invertebrates, they don't have a backbone, instead they have an internal skeleton that's made of calcium carbonate.
Where are Echinoderms found?
They are found at a range of depths at the sea floor.
1. Sponges are sessile. Why? What does sessile mean?
2. What is asymmetry?
1. Immobile, they are attached to reef surfaces and therefore they are sessile.
2. Not symmetrical, sponges mostly are assymetrical.
1. A Sea Cucumber's body is covered in spines what are the two kinds of spines that they could have?
2. What are Sand Dollars and Sea Urchins made of?
1. Sharp and poisonous spines or small round spines.
2. Calcium Carbonate.
Do Echinoderms have tissue and organs?
They do contain tissue and organs.
What do sea stars eat?
They mostly eat mollusks: clams, oysters, and muscles, but also eat snails and injured fish.
1. What is the shape of sponges?
2. A Heterotroph is an organism that does not produce their own energy and therefore gains energy from outside sources (like eating food). Are sponges heterotrophs? How do sponges eat?
1. Various shapes, mostly cylindrical.
2. Yes, they filter feed on plankton and bacteria, consuming it from the water that they filter.
1. What kind of symmetry do Sea Cucumbers have?
2. A. Describe a Sea Urchin's spines. B. Describe a Sand Dollar's spines.
1. Some have radial symmetry and some have bilateral symmetry.
2. A. Long thin and sharp. (Sea Urchins) B. Short fat and dull. (Sand Dollars)
Sea Stars specifically have tube feet which do what?
They act like suction cups and are used to move, they are also used to catch and hold prey.
1. What is a nervous system?
2. What is a water vascular system?
1. A nervous system is when they can sense stimuli in their environment without the typical organs.
2. A water vascular system is when water moves through their body entering at the madroporite and out through the tube feet allowing them to move.
1. Do sponges all look the same?
2. How do sponges reproduce? Explain the process of budding.
1. No
2. A section of the sponge (known as a bud) splits off and develops into a new organism.
What are the common characteristics for a fish?
Gills: a respiratory organ that is used to breed, removes the oxygen from the water, and sends it to different parts of the body. Fins: dorsal fin: the top fin that is used to stabilize the fish, pelvic fin: the bottom fins that are used to stabilize the fish, pectoral fin: the side fins that are used to steer, control direction, and move, caudal fin: it propels the fish and provides the power to move forward. Scales: they are a protective covering and also used for camouflage. Swim bladder: an Organ that is a gas-filled sack used for bouyancy, to stay afloat without using energy for swimming. Lateral line: a system of sensory organs that can sense movements in the water, allows to dodge prey, and swim in a school. Operculum: it is a protective covering for the gills. Notochord: it is sometimes replaced by a vertebrate, it is flexible and give structure to the body.
1. What can Sea Cucumbers do to protect themselves against predators?
2. A. What happens to their spines when they die?
B. What is the shape of a Sea Urchin and what is the shape of a Sand Dollar?
1. They can expel their organs, they can expose a hook-like structure, or they can release a toxic chemical that smells horribly to other species.
2. A. They fall off, and a dry, white skeleton remains.
B. Sea Urchins: round. Sand Dollars: flat.
Many Echinoderms have radial symmetry, what is radial symmetry?
Radial symmetry is an equal part range from a central point.
What is a Sea Star's eating process?
1. Tube feet suction onto a shell of mollusk. 2. Tube feet force the shell open. 3. The sea star pushes its stomach out of its mouth into the opening of the shell. 4. Digestive juices liquefy and breaks down the mollusk's body, which is absorbed into the sea star's stomach. 5. The sea star pulls its stomach back into its body.
A. Choanocytes (collar Cells)
B. Flagella
C. Osculum
D. Spongocoel
E. Spicules
F. Pore
A. Cells that have a moving tail which creates a current to aid in feeding by trapping food particles
B. The tail of the collar cells that create a current to aid in feeding by trapping food.
C. The opening of the sponge on the top.
D. The central cavity of the sponge that allows the water to enter pores that is lined with choanocytes (collar cells).
E. Support the structure of the sponge.
F. Allows water to enter.