The study of humankind, viewed from the perspective of all people and all times.
What is anthropology?
100
Energy-producing (ATP) organelles in eukaryotic cells; they possess their own independent DNA.
What is mitochondria?
100
The theory of evolution through the inheritance of acquired characteristics in which an organism can pass on features acquired during its lifetime.
What is Lamarckism
100
An allele that is expressed in an organism's phenotype if two copies are present, but is masked if the dominant allele is present.
What is recessive?
100
A local population of organisms that have similar genes, interbreed, and produce offspring.
What is a deme?
200
The part of culture that is expressed as objects that humans use to manipulate environments. 2.5 mya
What is material culture?
200
The process of cellular and nuclear division that creates two identical diploid daughter cells.
What is mitosis?
200
The theory that processes that occurred in the geologic past are still at work today.
What is uniformitarianism
200
A random change in a gene or chromosome, creating a new trait that may be advantageous, deleterious, or neutral in its effects on the organism.
What is a mutation?
200
The accumulation of random genetic changes in a small population that has become isolated from the parent population due to the genetic input of only a few colonizers.
What is the founder effect?
300
An upper canine that, as part of a nonhoning chewing mechanism, is not sharpened against the lower third premolar. 5.5 mya
What is nonhoning canine?
300
The production of gametes through one DNA replication and two cell (and nuclear) divisions, creating four haploid gametic cells.
What is meiosis?
300
The process by which some organisms, with features that enable them to adapt to the environment, preferentially survive and reproduce, thereby increasing the frequency of those features in the population.
What is natural selection
300
The predictable pairing of nitrogen bases in the structure of DNA and RNA, such that adenine and thymine always pair together (adenine and uracil in RNA) and cytosine and guanine pair together.
What are complementary bases?
300
A mathematical model in population genetics that reflects the relationship between frequencies of alleles and of genotypes; it can be used to determine whether a population is undergoing evolutionary changes.
What is Hardy-Weinberg law of equilibrium?
400
A set of hypotheses that have been rigorously tested and validated, leading to their establishment as a generally accepted explanation of specific phenomena.
What is a theory?
400
Refers to the condition in which an additional chromosome exists with the homologous pair.
What is trisomy?
400
The random change in allele frequency from one generation to the next, with greater effect in small populations.
What is genetic drift?
400
The process by which homologous chromosomes partially wrap around each other and exchange genetic information during meiosis.
What is cross-over?
400
Small-scale evolution, such as changes in allele frequency, that occurs from one generation to the next.
What is microevolution?
500
The scientific study of the interrelationship between what humans have inherited genetically and culture.
What is the biocultural approach?
500
Diploid cells that form the organs, tissues, and other parts of an organism's body.
What are somatic cells ?
500
Testable IF/THEN statements that potentially explain specific phenomena observed in the natural world.
What is a hypothesis?
500
The characteristics of the chromosomes for an individual organism or a species, such as number, size, and type.
What is karyotype?
500
Large-scale evolution, such as a speciation event, that occurs after hundreds or thousands of generations.